Marked on the horizontal axis, we see seventeen divisions that correspond to the seventeen centuries, that is the total duration of the cycle. The first six and one-half centuries correspond to the era of great fractionation. During this one there are no great political units, that is, nations or empires, such as we know them in our day, but, in fact, each city, with the small region that surrounds it, constitutes a real Independent State. During this era and starting from its origin (A), nations follow a life of progress in all areas of human activity, until they reach a maximum (B). We represent the evolutionary process of this first era by the ascending line that goes from A to B, that coincides with the end of this era of great fractionation.�� Afterwards, an important political change occurs: nations lose their political liberty that reached up to a director nucleus. At the beginning, it will establish a military hegemony without intervening in the internal political organization of the cities, or in their particular governments. A broadly federal organization is then created. Gradually, the political regime changes and the hegemonic one accentuates its influence and intervention takes place in the local governments and, after a process of unification that lasts two centuries we see the particular governments disappearing. Local languages and laws are substituted by the laws and languages of the hegemonic nucleus, at least in written documents, by the government.� We will call this first phase of the imperial era the Federal Phase, and is represented in the chart by the descending line B-C. Afterwards, we enter the unitary phase of great nations or empires.� The cities that form part of the empire have completely lost the conscience of their own personality and they feel identified with the hegemonic nucleus. This phase represent a regime that is completely opposed to the era of great fractionation and, in the chart it is represented by the line that goes from C to D. From this moment on, that is, four centuries after the imperialist era began, the hegemonic nucleus starts its disintegration. The perfect unity achieved starts to deteriorate until it reaches total decomposition and substitution of the first imperial nucleus for a hegemonic one, which the unitary regime will maintain during a space of four and one-half centuries, that is, until the end of the cycle. The two imperial nuclei do not present the same characteristics. The second enters the scene in a fully unitarian or absolute phase. The first empire considers its subjects as citizens, whether they belong to the imperial nucleus or to the other nations that form part of the empire, only with the condition that they waive their own characteristics and adopt the imperial language and law.�