The Mathematical-Historical Principles and the Evolution of LibertyFernández Bolívar, Víctor José
Philosophy
The Mathematical-Historical Principles and the Evolution of Liberty
Fernández Bolívar, Víctor José
History -- Philosophy
At
this moment all social classes participate in city government, with the
preponderance of the petit bourgeoisie, we then arrive at the democratic
regime, with the participation of all citizens in the government through
popular assemblies. It is the government of the people. It meets in the public
square or in the temple. All citizens intervene with their right to vote, and
they decide whether there will be war or peace, the number of officials in the
city or the election of its magistrates. The town deals out justice. This
democracy does not include the whole town, since one part of the old servile
class is left out, but the condition of those dispossessed has sensibly
improved.�
During
the democratic regimes of the eras of great demographic fractionation, it is
the citizens who resolve all city matters as an independent state, by a direct
vote.�
Human
evolution does not ever stop. Once the apex is reached decadence begins. We
observe, in the first place, that general interest for city matters is followed
by the citizens� great indifference. They begin to tire of intervening in the
assemblies and, in an ever increasing number, stop attending them. Each day,
the assembly sees the number of attendees reduced. On the other hand, a new
spirit dominates social life. Up to then wealth was shared, there were neither
great potentates nor great misery. Each one within his profession
dedicated hours of rest to the manifestations of the spirit. But very soon, a
great desire for wealth dominates the high lineage of the middle class,
that, in its great majority continues to attend the assemblies and soon
modifies the laws to protect itself and increase its wealth.�
Commercial
and industrial progress also contributes to the concentration of wealth. Great
companies are born, while small commerce and industry disappear. Then, great
fortunes and magnates of industry make their appearances, while small merchants
and industrialists, ruined, go on to increase the humble classes. In short,
society will have changed its aspect and the preponderance of the middle class
will be substituted by that of a very rich class vis-�-vis a famished people.
Such a change brings with it the intensification of class hatred and,
forthwith, anarchy and civil war. This struggle presents the characteristics of
terrible savagery. Hatred towards the enemy makes them forget their love for
the city.�
Old
local patriotism disappears and, even rival parties will ask for the
intervention of a foreign power, if in this manner they can destroy the enemy
within. A similar anarchy and civil war, takes control of the cities towards a
foreign power, to a dominating center that rapidly extends its hegemony on a
great number of cities and on a great territorial extension. We enter into the
imperial era.�
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account