The Mathematical Theory of RelativityEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Science
The Mathematical Theory of Relativity
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Relativity (Physics)
The conservation of energy is satisfied in de~Sitter's world; but from the
practical standpoint it is abrogated in large scale problems such as that of
the system of the spirals, since these are able to withdraw kinetic energy
from a source not generally taken into account.
Equation~\Eq{(39.44)}
\[
\frac{1}{\gamma} \left(\frac{h}{r^{2}}\, \frac{dr}{d\phi}\right)^{2}
+ \frac{h^{2}}{r^{2}} - \frac{c^{2}}{\gamma} = -1
\]
becomes on substituting for~$\gamma$
\[
\left(\frac{h}{r^{2}}\, \frac{dr}{d\phi}\right)^{2}
+ \frac{h^{2}}{r^{2}} = c^{2} - 1 - \tfrac{1}{3}\lambda h^{2} + \tfrac{1}{3} \lambda r^{2},
\]
or writing $u = 1/r$
\[
\left(\frac{du}{d\phi}\right)^{2} + u^{2}
= \frac{c^{2} - 1}{h^{2}} - \tfrac{1}{3}\lambda + \frac{\tfrac{1}{3} \lambda}{h^{2} u^{2}}.
\]
Whence, differentiating
\[
\frac{d^{2}u}{d\phi^{2}} + u = -\frac{\tfrac{1}{3} \lambda}{h^{2}} u^{-3}.
\Tag{(70.3)}
\]
The orbit is the same as that of a particle under a repulsive force varying
directly as the distance. (This applies only to the form of the orbit, not to
the velocity in the orbit.) For the motion of light the constant of areas~$h$ is
infinite, and the tracks of light-rays are the solutions of
\[
\frac{d^{2}u}{d\phi^{2}} + u = 0,
\]
i.e.\ straight lines. Determination of distance by parallax-measurements rests
on the assumption that light is propagated in straight lines, and hence the
method is exact in this system of coordinates. In so far as the distances of
celestial objects are determined by parallaxes or parallactic motions, the
coordinate~$r$ will agree with their accepted distances. This result may be
contrasted with the solution for the field of a particle in \SecRef{38} where the coordinate~$r$
has no immediate observational significance. Radial distances determined
by direct operations with measuring-rods correspond to~$R\chi$, not~$r$.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account