CHAPTER XVIII.--The Causes and Consequences of Prolonged Labor to both Mother and Child, 259 The Consequences of Prolonged Labor, 259 CHAPTER XIX.--Causes connected with the Mother which may impede labor, or make it difficult, 260 Inertia, or Want of sufficiently Powerful Contraction in the Womb, 260 Rigidity of the Mouth of the Womb, Vagina and Vulva, 264 Obliquities of the Womb, 266 Prolapsus Uteri.--Smallness or Deformity of the Pelvis, 267 Tumors in the Pelvis, 286 Tumors externally.--Obstructions in the Vagina, 295 CHAPTER XX.--Causes connected with the child, or children, which may impede delivery. 297 Procidentia of the Umbilical Cord, 297 Shortness of the Cord, 300 Descent of other parts with the head, 301 Twins and Triplets, 302 Excessive size of the Fœtus, or the diseased development of certain parts, 304 Ossification of the Head, 305 Various presentations and positions of the Fœtus, 306 Presentations of the Lower Extremities, 307 Presentations of the Shoulder, 311 Section VII. ACCIDENTS DURING LABOR WHICH MAY COMPROMISE THE MOTHER'S LIFE. CHAPTER XXI.--Uterine Hemorrhage, or Flooding, during Labor, 315 CHAPTER XXII.--Eclampsia, or Convulsions during Labor, 336 CHAPTER XXIII.--Rupture of the Womb or Vagina, 341 Section VIII. OPERATIONS WITH THE HAND AND WITH INSTRUMENTS. CHAPTER XXIV.--Operations with Instruments.--The Forceps, 345 Other Instruments, 355 CHAPTER XXV.--Operations with the Hand.--Turning, 357 PART II. THE DISEASES OF WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY, AND IN CHILDBED. Section IX. THE DISEASES OF PREGNANCY.