With regard to the dimensions of the chamber, we found above that
the upper one was, externally, 63 Greek feet by 52 ft. 6 in., or in
the ratio of 5 to 6; and if we deduct half an intercolumniation, or
3 cubits, for the thickness of the walls, we attain 52 ft. 6 in. by
42 feet for the internal dimensions; which is probable, inasmuch as
it comes out in the ratio of 4 to 5, and is besides a very probable
constructive dimension with reference to the mass of the roof, which
was almost wholly supported on these walls. The dimensions of the lower
apartment were in all probability identical with those of the upper
room. With regard to the mode in which the upper chamber was lighted
there can be no difficulty. Four windows are introduced in each side,
similar in design to those of the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens.
Less would do; but as it is easier to subdue than to increase the
light, it probably was thus.
Both these rooms probably had flat marble roofs. The lower one almost
certainly had; and if so, there must have been columns in the centre,
as it would have been impossible to throw a marble beam across an
apartment 42 feet in width. These pillars would not only add very
considerably to their beauty architecturally, but may also to a certain
extent have been useful in steadying the external roof; not indeed that
this was required, for, whether it was constructed on the principle
of a horizontal or of a radiating arch, the abutment and walls are
quite sufficient for its support. At this day we should certainly
employ a radiating construction; the architects may have preferred the
horizontal arch in those days.
For the upper chamber I have suggested a niche at the upper end,
opposite the door, where an altar probably was placed; and on either
side I fancy there would be sarcophagi, not to contain bodies, but to
suggest rites. Such at least is the usual arrangement in all the great
tombs I know.
If this apartment was as magnificent as I suppose it to have been,
there was, of course, easy access to it, which may without difficulty
be attained by the means suggested on the plan (Plate I.). According to
this scheme, as a visitor entered the building between the two great
piers in the eastern front, he might either ascend by the stairs on his
right hand or his left to the peristele; or by the great door in front
of him, beyond the stairs, he might enter the lower chamber. From the
peristele a second flight of equal extent led to a landing from which a
third flight gave access to the peristyle in such a manner as to leave
the entrance to the chamber as unencumbered as possible, as probably an
altar was placed there.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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