This is what has been called by Friedrich Müller the "possessive conjugation," the pronoun used being not in the nominative but in the possessive form. The aorist presents a different mode of formation:-- Nac-en, (i.e. Naci-en) I ascended. Nac-ech, Thou ascended. Naci, He ascended. Nac-on, We ascended. Nac-ex, You ascended. Nac-ob, They ascended. Here _en_, _ech_, _on_, _ex_, are apparently the simple personal pronouns I, thou, we, you, and are used predicatively. The future is also conjugated in this form by the use of the verbal _bin_, _binel_, to go: Bin nacac en, I am going to ascend. Bin nacac ech, Thou art going to ascend. etc. The present of all the active verbs uses this predicative form, while their aorists and futures employ possessive forms. Thus:-- Ten cambezic, I teach him. Tech cambezic, Thou teaches him. Lay cambezic, He teaches him. Here, however, I must note a difference of opinion between eminent grammatical critics. Friedrich Müller considers all such forms as-- Nac-en, I ascended, to exhibit "the predicative power of the true verb," basing his opinion on the analogy of such expressions as-- Ten batab en, I (am) a chief.[31-1] M. Lucien Adam, on the other hand, says:--"The intransitive preterit _nac-en_ may seem morphologically the same as the Aryan _ás-mi_; but here again, _nac_ is a verbal noun, as is demonstrated by the plural of the third person _nac-ob_, 'the ascenders.' _Nac-en_ comes to mean 'ascender [formerly] me.'"[31-2] I am inclined to think that the French critic is right, and that, in fact, there is no true verb in the Maya, but merely verbal nouns, _nomina actionis_, to which the pronouns stand either in the possessive or objective relations, or, more remotely, in the possessive relation to another verbal noun in apposition, as _cah_, _cuchi_, etc. The importance of this point in estimating the structure of the language will be appreciated by those who have paid any attention to the science of linguistics. The objective form of the conjugation is composed of the simple personal pronouns of both persons, together with the possessive of the agent and the particle _ci_, which conveys the accessory notion of present action towards. Thus, from _moc_, to tie:-- Ten c in moc ech, I tie thee, literally, I my present tying thee.