The measurement of intelligence : $b an explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Standard revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scaleTerman, Lewis M. (Lewis Madison)
Science
The measurement of intelligence : $b an explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Standard revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale
(a) _Laziness and idleness._ "It is laziness if you won't
work, and idleness if you are willing to work but haven't any
job." "Lots of men are idle who are not lazy and would like to
work if they had something to do." "Laziness means you don't
want to work; idleness means you are not doing anything just
now." "Idle people may be lazy, or they may just happen to be
out of a job." "It is laziness when you don't like to work, and
idleness when you are not working." "An idle person might be
willing to work; a lazy man won't work." "Laziness comes from
within; idleness may be forced upon one." "Laziness is aversion
to activity; idleness is simply the state of inactivity."
"Laziness is idleness from choice or preference; idleness means
doing nothing."
The essential contrast, accordingly, is that _laziness refers to
unwillingness to work; idleness to the mere fact of inactivity_.
This contrast must be expressed, however clumsily.
(b) _Evolution and revolution._ "Evolution is a gradual
change; revolution is a sudden change." "Evolution is natural
development; revolution is sudden upheaval." "Evolution means an
unfolding or development; revolution means a complete upsetting
of everything." "Evolution is the gradual development of a
country or government; revolution is a quick change of
government." "Evolution takes place by natural force; a
revolution is caused by an outside force." "Evolution is growth;
revolution is a quick change from existing conditions."
"Evolution is a natural change; revolution is a violent
change." "Evolution is growth step by step; revolution is more
sudden and radical in its action." "Evolution is a change
brought about by peaceful development, while revolution is
brought about by an uprising."
The essential distinction, accordingly, is that _evolution means
a gradual, natural, or slow change, while revolution means a
sudden, forced, or violent change_. Non-contrasting definitions,
even when the individual terms are defined correctly, are not
satisfactory.
(c) _Poverty and misery._ "Poverty is when you are poor;
misery means suffering." "Only the poor are in poverty, but
everybody can be miserable." "Poverty is the lowest stage of
poorness; misery means pain." "The poor are not always
miserable, and the rich are miserable sometimes." "Poverty means
to be in want; misery comes from any kind of suffering or
anguish." "The poor are in poverty; the sick are in misery."
"Poverty is the condition of being very poor financially; misery
is a feeling which any class of people can have." "One who is
poor is in poverty; one who is wretched or doesn't enjoy life is
in misery." "Poverty comes from lack of money; misery, from lack
of happiness or comfort." "Misery means distress. It can come
from poverty or many other things."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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