III. The Italian Continuity of Antique Culture. IV. Italy’s Intellectual Piety: Peter Damiani and St. Anselm. CHAPTER XII MENTAL ASPECTS OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY: FRANCE 280 I. Gerbert. II. Odilo of Cluny. III. Fulbert and the School of Chartres; Trivium and Quadrivium. IV. Berengar of Tours, Roscellin, and the coming time. CHAPTER XIII MENTAL ASPECTS OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY: GERMANY; ENGLAND 307 I. German Appropriation of Christianity and Antique Culture. II. Othloh’s Spiritual Conflict. III. England; Closing Comparisons. CHAPTER XIV THE GROWTH OF MEDIAEVAL EMOTION 330 I. The Patristic Chart of Passion. II. Emotionalizing of Latin Christianity. BOOK III THE IDEAL AND THE ACTUAL: THE SAINTS CHAPTER XV THE REFORMS OF MONASTICISM 353 Mediaeval Extremes; Benedict of Aniane; Cluny; Citeaux’s _Charta Charitatis_; the _vita contemplativa_ accepts the _vita activa_. CHAPTER XVI THE HERMIT TEMPER 368 Peter Damiani; Romuald; Dominicus Loricatus; Bruno and Guigo, Carthusians. CHAPTER XVII THE QUALITY OF LOVE IN ST. BERNARD 392 CHAPTER XVIII ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI 415 CHAPTER XIX MYSTIC VISIONS OF ASCETIC WOMEN 442 Elizabeth of Schönau; Hildegard of Bingen; Mary of Ognies; Liutgard of Tongern; Mechthild of Magdeburg. CHAPTER XX THE SPOTTED ACTUALITY 471 The Testimony of Invective and Satire; Archbishop Rigaud’s _Register_; Engelbert of Cologne; Popular Credences. CHAPTER XXI THE WORLD OF SALIMBENE 494 BOOK IV THE IDEAL AND THE ACTUAL: SOCIETY CHAPTER XXII FEUDALISM AND KNIGHTHOOD 521 Feudal and Christian Origin of Knightly Virtue; the Order of the Temple; Godfrey of Bouillon; St. Louis; Froissart’s _Chronicles_. CHAPTER XXIII ROMANTIC CHIVALRY AND COURTLY LOVE 558 From Roland to Tristan and Lancelot. CHAPTER XXIV PARZIVAL, THE BRAVE MAN SLOWLY WISE 588 BOOK I THE GROUNDWORK CHAPTER I GENESIS OF THE MEDIAEVAL GENIUS