Hugoni Daa Citharistae ij._s._ Andreae Vidulatori de Hor’ ij._s._ Roberto de Scardeburghe xij._d._ Guilloto le Taborer Comitis Warrewici iij._s._ Paul’ Menestrallo Comitis Marescalli iij._s._ Matheo Waffraris domini R. de Monte Alto ij._s._ iij. diversis menestrallis, cuilibet iij._s._ ix._s._ Galfrido Citharistae Comitis Warrenniae ij._s._ Matill’ Makejoye xij._d._ Johanni Trumpatori domini R. de Filii Pagani xij._d._ Adae Citharistae domini J. Lestraunge xij._d._ Reginaldo le Menteur, Menestrallo domini J. de Buteturt xij._d._ Perle in the Eghe xij._d._ Gilloto Citharistae Domini P. de Malo Lacu x._s._ Roberto Gaunsillie xl._d._ Item. xl._d._ Jacke de Vescy di._marc._ Magistro Waltero Leskirmissour et fratri suo, cuilibet iij._s._ vj._s._ D THE MINSTREL HIERARCHY The term _rex_ is not seldom applied as a distinction amongst minstrels. At the wedding of Joan of England in 1290 were present King Grey of England and King Caupenny of Scotland, together with Poveret, minstrel of the Marshal of Champagne (Chappell, i. 15). Poveret is perhaps the ‘roy de Champaigne’ of the 1306 list, which also includes the ‘roys’ Capenny, Baisescue, Marchis, Robert, and Druet (_Appendix C_). A ‘rex Robertus,’ together with ‘rex Pagius de Hollandia,’ reappears in accounts of the reign of Edward II (1307-27), while one of the minstrels of the king was William de Morlee, ‘roy de North’ (Percy, 416-8; cf. vol. i. p. 49). In France a list of the ‘ministeralli’ of Philip IV in 1288 includes the ‘rex Flaiolatus,’ ‘rex Heraudum,’ and ‘rex Ribaldorum.’ A certain Pariset, who was minstrel to the Comte de Poitiers in 1314, signs the statutes of the Paris guild in 1321 as ‘Pariset, menestrel le roy,’ and the various ‘roys des menestreuls du royaume de France’ who appear in and after 1338 may have been heads at once of the king’s household minstrels and of the guild (_Appendix F_; cf. Bernhard, iii. 380). Further, the title is claimed by the authors of various pieces of minstrel literature. ‘Adenet le roi’ is the author of _Cleomadès_ (Paris, 84; Percy, 416-8), and ‘Huon le roi,’ perhaps identical with ‘Huon de Cambrai’ and ‘Huon Paucele,’ of the _fabliau_ of _Du Vair Palefroi_ (Bédier, 438; Montaiglon-Raynaud, i. 3). The term _rex_ is of course common enough in connexion with temporary or permanent associations of all sorts, and is probably of folk origin (vol. i. chaps. iv, viii). It is possible that some of these ‘rois’ may have been crowned by ‘puis’ (Lavoix, ii. 377), but it is more probable that they had some official pre-eminence