amongst their fellows, and perhaps some jurisdiction, territorial or otherwise. Clearly this was the case with the ‘roy des ministralx’ at Tutbury. The appearance of the ‘rex Flaiolatus’ with the ‘rex Heraudum’ and the ‘rex Ribaldorum’ in the French list of 1288 is thus significant, for the latter had just such a jurisdiction over the riff-raff of the court (Ducange, s.v.), and I conceive the relation of the minstrel ‘roys’ to their fellows to have been much that of the ‘Kings at arms’ to the ordinary heralds. It seems that minstrels and heralds belonged to the same class of _ministri_. The order of the Emperor Henry II (vol. i. p. 52) couples ‘ioculatores et armaturi’ and ‘Carleton Haralde’ is actually rewarded in the 1306 list (_App. C_, p. 237). If one may quote a Celtic parallel, the _Arwyddfardd_ or heralds formed a regular division (†1100) of Welsh minstrelsy (E. David, _La Poésie et la Musique dans la Cambrie_, 72-91). Under Richard II the head of the English royal minstrels was a _rex_, but from 1464 onwards the term used is _marescallus_ (Rymer, xi. 512), and this again may be paralleled from the supreme position of the Earl Marshal in heraldry. At the head of the Earl of Lancaster’s minstrels in 1308 was an _armiger_. I only find this term again in the burlesque account of the ‘auncient minstrell’ shown before Elizabeth at Kenilworth (_Appendix H_). He was ‘a squier minstrel of Middilsex’ and, as he bore the arms of Islington, presumably a ‘wait.’ E EXTRACTS FROM ACCOUNT BOOKS I. DURHAM PRIORY. [The entries, unless otherwise specified, are amongst the extracts (generally of _Dona Prioris_) from the Bursars’ Rolls between 1278 and 1371, printed by Canon Fowler in vols. ii, iii of the _Durham Account Rolls_ (Surtees Soc.). _D. H. B._ = _Durham Household Book_ (Surtees Soc.), _F. P._ = _Inventories and Account Rolls of Finchale Priory_ (Surtees Soc.). This was a cell of Durham Priory. The minstrelsy often took place at the _ludi Domini Prioris_, either in his _camera_ (_D. A._ ii. 424) or at Beaurepaire, Witton, or other _maneria_ of the Priory. There seem to have been in most years four _ludi ordinarii_ (_D. A._ ii. 296), though occasionally only two or three are mentioned. These were at the feasts of Candlemas, Easter, St. John Baptist, and All Saints (_D. A._ i. 242, iii. 932). But the Prior, Sub-Prior, and brethren seem often to have been _ludentes_, _spatiantes_, or _in recreacione_ (_D. A._ i. 118, 235), without much regard to fixed dates. In 1438-9 they were _ludentes_ for as much as eleven weeks and four days at Beaurepaire (_D. A._ i. 71). See also _D. A._ i. 16, 116, 120, 129, 137, 138, 142, 166, 207, 263; ii. 287, 419, 456, 515; iii. 810, s.vv. _Ludi_, &c.; _D. H. B._ 9, 13, 54, 141, 240, 339; _F. P._ 30, ccxcv, ccccxxxvi.] 1278. Menestrallo Regis Scociae. Menestrallo de Novo Castro.