The mediaeval stage, volume 2 (of 2)Chambers, E. K. (Edmund Kerchever)
History
The mediaeval stage, volume 2 (of 2)
Chambers, E. K. (Edmund Kerchever)
Drama, Medieval -- History and criticism; Theater -- History -- Medieval, 500-1500
I now return to the _Quem quaeritis_ in the second stage of its
evolution, when it had ceased to be an _Introit_ trope and had become
attached to the ceremony of the sepulchre. Obviously it is not an
essential part of that ceremony. The _Depositio_ and _Elevatio_ mutually
presuppose each other and, together, are complete. For the dramatic
performance, as described by St. Ethelwold, the clergy, having removed
the cross at the beginning of Matins, revisited the empty sepulchre quite
at the close of that service, after the third respond[91], between which
and the normal ending of Matins, the _Te Deum_, the _Quem quaeritis_ was
intercalated. The fact that the Maries bear censers instead of or in
addition to the scriptural spices, suggests that this _Visitatio_ grew
out of a custom of censing the sepulchre at the end of Matins as well as
of Evensong[92]. But the _Visitatio_ could easily be omitted, and in fact
it was omitted in many churches where the _Depositio_ and _Elevatio_ were
in use. The Sarum books, for instance, do not in any way prescribe it.
On the other hand, there were probably a few churches which adopted the
_Visitatio_ without the more important rite. Bamberg seems to have been
one of these, and so possibly were Sens, Senlis, and one or two others
in which the _Quem quaeritis_ is noted as taking place at an altar[93].
However, whether there was a real sepulchre or not, the regular place
of the _Quem quaeritis_ was that prescribed for it by St. Ethelwold,
between the third respond and the _Te Deum_ at Matins. It has been found
in a very large number of manuscripts, and in by far the greater part
of them it occupies this position[94]. In the rest, with the exception
of a completely anomalous example from Vienne[95], it is either a
trope[96], or else is merged with or immediately follows the _Elevatio_
before Matins[97]. The evidence of the texts themselves is borne out by
Durandus, who is aware of the variety of custom, and indicates the end of
Matins as the _proprior locus_[98].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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