[_Bibliographical Note._—The best general account of the vernacular religious drama of Europe is that of W. Creizenach, _Geschichte des neueren Dramas_ (vol. i. 1893), Books 2-4; and this may be supplemented by K. Hase, _Das geistliche Schauspiel_ (1858, trans. A. W. Jackson, 1880); R. Proelss, _Geschichte des neueren Dramas_ (1880-3), vol. i. ch. 1; C. Davidson, _English Mystery Plays_ (1892), and G. Gregory Smith, _The Transition Period_ (1900), ch. 7. There is also the cumbrous work of J. L. Klein, _Geschichte des Dramas_ (1865-86). The nearest approach to a general bibliography is F. H. Stoddard, _References for Students of Miracle Plays and Mysteries_ (1887).—For Germany may be added R. Froning, _Das Drama des Mittelalters_ (1890-1); K. Pearson, _The German Passion Play_ (in _The Chances of Death and Other Studies in Evolution_, 1897, vol. ii); L. Wirth, _Die Oster- und Passionsspiele bis zum 16. Jahrhundert_ (1889); J. E. Wackernell, _Altdeutsche Passionsspiele aus Tirol_, 1897; R. Heinzel, _Beschreibung des geistlichen Schauspiels im deutschen Mittelalter_ (1898), and the articles by F. Vogt on _Mittelhochdeutsche Literatur_, § 73, and H. Jellinghaus on _Mittelniederdeutsche Literatur_, § 5, in H. Paul, _Grundriss der germanischen Philologie_, vol. ii (2nd ed. 1901). F. Vogt gives a few additional recent references. Older works are F. J. Mone, _Schauspiele des Mittelalters_ (1846); H. Reidt, _Das geistliche Schauspiel des Mittelalters in Deutschland_ (1868), and E. Wilken, _Geschichte der geistlichen Spiele in Deutschland_ (1872). Many of the books named print texts. Lists of others are given by Pearson and by Heinzel, and full bibliographical notices by K. Goedeke, _Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung_ (2nd ed.), vol. i (1884), §§ 67, 92, and vol. ii (1886), § 145.—For France, L. Petit de Julleville, _Les Mystères_ (1880), is excellent and exhaustive, and contains many bibliographical references, although the ‘Liste des ouvrages à consulter’ intended as part of the work seems never to have been printed. M. de Julleville is also the writer of the article on _Théâtre religieux_ in the _Hist. de la Langue et de la Littérature françaises_, vol. ii (1896). G. Gröber’s article on _Französische Litteratur_, §§ 129, 362 in his _Grundriss der romanischen Philologie_, vol. ii (1901-2), brings the subject up to date and adds some recent authorities. Mortensen, _Medeltidsdramat i Frankrike_ (1899), is beyond my range. G. Paris, _La Littérature française au moyen âge_ (2nd ed., 1890), is a brief summary, and L. Clédat, _Le Théâtre au moyen âge_ (1897), a useful popular account. G. Bapst, _Essai sur l’Histoire du Théâtre_ (1893), is good on matters of stage arrangement. Older works are O. Le Roy, _Études sur les Mystères_ (1837), and J.