The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))Bourke, John Gregory
Religion
The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))
Bourke, John Gregory
Apache Indians -- Medicine; Apache Indians -- Religion; Apache Indians -- Rites and ceremonies; Shamans -- New Mexico
The baby was held so as successively to occupy each of the cardinal
points and face each point directly opposite; first on the east side,
facing the west; then the north side, facing the south; then the west
side, facing the east; then the south side, facing the north, and
back to the original position. While at each position, each of the
medicine-men in succession, after making all the passes and gestures
described, seized the cradle in his hands, pressed it to his breast,
and afterwards lifted it up to the sky, next to the earth, and lastly
to the four cardinal points, all the time prancing, whistling, and
snorting, the mother and her squaw friends adding to the dismal din by
piercing shrieks and ululations.
That ended the ceremonies for that night so far as the baby personally
was concerned, but the medicine-men retired down to the parade and
resumed their saltation, swinging, bending, and spinning with such
violence that they resembled, in a faint way perhaps, the Dervishes of
the East. The understanding was that the dance had to be kept up as
long as there was any fuel unconsumed of the large pile provided; any
other course would entail bad luck. It was continued for four nights,
the colors and the symbols upon the bodies varying from night to
night. Among the modes of exorcism enumerated by Burton, we find
"cutting the air with swords."[720] Picart speaks of the "flêches ou
les baguettes dont les Arabes Idolâtres se servoient pour deviner par
le sort." He says that the diviner "tenoit à la main" these arrows,
which certainly suggest the swords or wands of the Apache medicine-men
in the spirit dance.[721]
There were four medicine-men, three of whom were dancing and in
conference with the spirits, and the fourth of whom was general
superintendent of the whole dance, and the authority to whom the first
three reported the result of their interviews with the ghostly powers.
The mask and headdress of the first of the dancers, who seemed to be
the leading one, was so elaborate that in the hurry and meager light
supplied by the flickering fires it could not be portrayed. It was
very much like that of number three, but so fully covered with the
plumage of the eagle, hawk, and, apparently, the owl, that it was
difficult to assert this positively. Each of these medicine-men had
pieces of red flannel tied to his elbows and a stick about four feet
long in each hand. Number one's mask was spotted black and white and
shaped in front like the snout of a mountain lion. His back was
painted with large arrowheads in brown and white, which recalled the
protecting arrows tightly bound to the backs of Zuñi fetiches. Number
two had on his back a figure in white ending between the shoulders in
a cross. Number three's back was simply whitened with clay.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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