Hymns, Latin -- History and criticism; Sequences (Liturgy)
The origin of the word _sequentia_ itself, in the phrase _sequentia cum
prosa_ has often been discussed because of its significance in tracing
the musical development of the forms in question. To some scholars
_sequentia_ means merely _sequela_, _i.e._ notes following the _a_ of
the _alleluia_, a simple and tenable theory. To the great majority,
however, _sequentia_ is a translation of the Greek _akoulouthia_. In
fact it has been generally accepted as such, although _sequentia_
conveys the idea of continuation in the Greek word rather than its
technical meaning of a continuation specifically of songs, etc. If this
is valid, Greek influence upon the origin of the sequence is
inferred.[5] Another form of the theory of Greek influence is evident in
the suggestion that _sequentia_ means _hirmos_, that is, a regular
continuation of tones. _Hirmos_ may refer to poetry also.[6] A
derivation of _sequentia_ from Greek terms, if proven, would of course,
buttress the theory of Byzantine influence upon the whole development;
but the weakness of the derivation from _akoulouthia_, for example, is
its dependence upon a misunderstanding of the Greek form of worship to
which the word applies.[7] An entirely different suggestion as to origin
arises from the formula used in the liturgy to announce the Gospel,
_Sequentia Sancti Evangelii secundum_ _etc._[8] Often some practical
consideration, extraneous condition or unrelated incidental circumstance
has affected liturgical change or development. Consequently, even a
slight suggestion like this provokes thought.
Whatever may be the correct origin of the word _sequentia_ the place of
origin of the sequence is generally conceded to have been France
sometime in the eighth century. The part played by other lands in the
origin of the _sequentia cum prosa_ cannot be wholly determined at
present. It must suffice to study the evidence available. It has been
demonstrated how the early French sequences have a closer tie with the
_alleluia_ and how the word is sometimes retained to introduce the
_prosae_ which accompany the music. There is considerable evidence
supporting French priority over the Germans in the creation of these new
musical forms, the chief centers of composition being St. Martial,
Luxeuil, Fleury-sur-Loire, and Moissac, the outstanding rival of St.
Martial. An origin for the sequence in France is independently probable
due to the interest in liturgical music stimulated by Charlemagne, who,
as shown in the preceding chapter, favored Gregorian and Byzantine
innovations at the expense of Gallican forms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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