Hymns, Latin -- History and criticism; Sequences (Liturgy)
Considered merely as Latin poetry, the hymns of Hilary, Ambrose and
Prudentius are transitional in their literary character. They belong
neither to the poetry of the Silver Age of Latin literature nor do they
represent the medieval literary tradition. Of the metrical aspect
something will be said presently. By some the Ambrosian hymn is regarded
as a daring innovation and the model from which vernacular European
verse was later to develop. In that case, it constitutes a class by
itself. For evidence of the continuity of Latin poetry from the
classical to the medieval age we must turn to the _Carmina_ of Venantius
Fortunatus.
Fortunatus (c. 530-600) was born near Treviso and lived as a youth in
northern Italy, studying at Ravenna. The greater part of his life,
however, was spent in Gaul which he visited first as a pilgrim to the
shrine of St. Martin at Tours, who, he believed, had been instrumental
in restoring his eyesight. At Poitiers he met Queen Rhadegunda, wife of
Clothair, King of Neustria. She had founded a convent at Poitiers and
there lived in retirement. This was his introduction to a life of travel
and of intercourse with the great. He was acquainted with bishops,
noblemen and kings whose praises he sang in many graceful tributes,
occasional poems and epitaphs. Through the influence of Rhadegunda, his
lifelong patron and friend, he was ordained, and after her death he
became Bishop of Poitiers, 597, where he lived until his death. As a
churchman he was an admirer and biographer of the saints of Gaul,
preeminently St. Martin whose life and miracles he recounted in poetic
form.
Fortunatus seems to have carried with him from the Italian scenes
associated with the poetry of Virgil—an inspiration which was never
entirely lost. His poems suggest a familiarity with the literary
background of classical verse. During his mature life he lived in the
environment of sixth century Gallic society which was already assuming
its medieval Frankish outlines. Natural beauty and human companionship
were alike important to him. He was acquainted with men and women of
every degree from the monarch to the slave.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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