The difference between steam and sail--A kindly skipper for a beginner--The second mate's position as pupil--The seamy side--Everybody's dog--Again the difference between lime-juicer and Yank--The second mate of the _East Lothian_--Oh, what a surprise!--The value of muscle--The want of discipline in our ships 131 CHAPTER XVI. THE THIRD MATE. Of great importance or none at all--A suggestion from the Navy--No respect due to him--The owner's pet--The poop ornament--His bringing up--A lost opportunity--The bully third mate of an American ship--An error in judgment--Idlers 142 CHAPTER XVII. THE BO'SUN. A romantic figure--Rough but genuine--The naval bo'sun--The working foreman--Bo'sun and "lamps" combined--The old-time bo'sun--A thorough sailor--A queer bo'sun--A broken-down bo'sun--A brevet bo'sun 151 CHAPTER XVIII. THE CARPENTER. His general excellence--And unique position--A man of many qualifications--All carpenters in British North America--As in Finland--"Chips" and sailor too--An independent member--Always plenty of work--The whaleship carpenters--And boat-builder 161 CHAPTER XIX. THE SAILMAKER. An occupation that is passing--Its fascination for good sailors--The art and mystery of sailmaking--The Yankee sailmaker--His contempt for British sails--Like the carpenter, the sailmaker always has plenty to do--The beauty of sails 171 CHAPTER XX. THE STEWARD (IN STEAM). Wide range of status--But always a steward--Wonderful management--A small army to control--Work never done--The tramp steward--His duties and difficulties--The "providore" 180 CHAPTER XXI. THE STEWARD (SAILING SHIPS). The passenger sailing ship almost extinct--Consequently few chief stewards in sail--The responsible steward--The captain's pet--Funny little ways--A bitter experience--The Yankee steward--His onerous post--The stewardess--My friend's pathetic story 188 CHAPTER XXII. THE COOK (IN STEAM). The most interesting figure on board ship--A chef indeed--Where do they come from?--Difficulties of ship cookery--Under the best conditions--Careful, hard-working men--Australian cooks--Black Sam--Humpy Bill--His tribulations and triumphs--The cook of a tramp 195 CHAPTER XXIII. THE COOK (SAILING SHIPS). His materials--His usual qualifications--No room for a good cook--Good sailing ships--And bad--From the food point of view--Bad food wasteful as well as dear--The craving for vegetable--The cook's day's work--So different in Yankee ships--Blue-nose cookery--"Cracker hash"--"Duff" 205 CHAPTER XXIV.