Oruro contains many foreign residents, and several clubs. The government palace and the university building face the principal plaza. Besides these, the city has a theater, a public library and a mineralogical museum, as well as the usual churches, hospitals and schools. There is one other region in Bolivia that should be visited by all travelers interested in the mysterious past of the country. This region is called Tiahuanacu (tee-ah-wah-nah´-koo). It is not far from La Paz, and the ruins there were believed by Sir Clements Markham to indicate the former existence of a large city of the Incas. One huge gateway, broken and apparently not in its original position, is especially interesting. This great piece of stone is 13 feet wide, 7 feet above the ground, and 3 feet thick. It is curiously and elaborately carved. In the center is a human head, supposed to represent the creator of the universe. To this, other figures, partly human and some with heads of condors, seem to be offering worship. Other stones in this region are remarkable for their size and for the ornamental carving that appears upon them. All the ruins are apparently of great age. It is not difficult to imagine a time when the city was the home of thousands of human beings in a very advanced stage of civilization. PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR. VOL. 5, No. 18, SERIAL No. 142 COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. _THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF TRAVEL_ _NOVEMBER 1, 1917_ BOLIVIA By E. M. NEWMAN _Lecturer and Traveler_ Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1913, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by The Mentor Association, Inc. _MENTOR GRAVURES_ A PACK TRAIN OF LLAMAS IN LA PAZ LA PAZ--FROM THE RIM OF THE HEIGHTS HOUSE OF CONGRESS LA PAZ [Illustration] _MENTOR GRAVURES_ INCA TEMPLE OF THE SUN, ON LAKE TITICACA ORURO STREET SCENE AND MARKET, SUCRE [Illustration] [Illustration: THE NATIVE BOLIVIAN INDIAN] Bolivia is another Thibet; one of the highest inhabited plateaus in the world. It is one of the richest mineral sections, as it now produces about one-third of the world’s supply of tin, and contains vast wealth in its rich copper, gold, and silver mines. Nearly ninety per cent. of its population is of Indian origin, and to this fact may be attributed its slow progress; as outside of its capital city, almost everything is still in a primitive state. Since its last war with Chile, it has been shut off from the sea-coast; and to get to Bolivia one must now cross either Chile or Peru, which necessitates a long journey by rail; and if the entrance be by way of the Peruvian gateway, Mollendo, Lake Titicaca must also be crossed. [Illustration: STEAMER ON LAKE TITICACA The parts of this steamer were carried to the lake by rail and put together there]