But can we say that it is as much in a man’s power to realise Virtue
as it is to fulfil Duty?[173] To some extent, no doubt, we should
say this: no quality of conduct is ever called a virtue unless it
is thought to be _to some extent_ immediately attainable at will
by all ordinary persons, when circumstances give opportunity for
its manifestation. In fact the line between virtues and other
excellences of behaviour is commonly drawn by this characteristic of
voluntariness;--an excellence which we think no effort of will could at
once enable us to exhibit in any appreciable degree is called a gift,
grace, or talent, but not properly a virtue. Writers like Hume,[174]
who obliterate this line, diverge manifestly from common sense. Still
I regard it as manifestly paradoxical to maintain that it is in the
power of any one at any time to realise virtue in the highest form or
degree; (_e.g._) no one would affirm that any ordinary man can at will
exhibit the highest degree of courage in the sense in which courage
is a virtue--when occasion arises. It would seem, therefore, that we
can distinguish a margin of virtuous conduct, which may be beyond the
strict duty of any individual as being beyond his power.
Can we then, excluding this margin, say that virtuous conduct, so
far as it is in a man’s power, coincides completely with his duty?
Certainly we should agree that a truly moral man cannot say to himself,
“This is the best thing on the whole for me to do, but yet it is not
my duty to do it though it is in my power”: this would certainly seem
to common sense an immoral paradox.[175] And yet there seem to be acts
and abstinences which we praise as virtuous, without imposing them as
duties upon all who are able to do them; as for a rich man to live very
plainly and devote his income to works of public beneficence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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