[59] Milne, in _Chinese Repository_, Vol. XIII., p. 22, and in his _Life in China_, part second. London, 1857. [60] Medhurst’s _China, its State and Prospects_, p. 393. [61] Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. II., p. 149. _Cathay and the Way Thither_, p. cxciii. Reinaud, _Relations des Voyages faits par les Arabes dans l’Inde et à la Chine, etc._ (Paris, 1845), Tome I., p. 19. [62] Borget, _La Chine Ouverte_, p. 126. [63] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. IV., p. 92. [64] Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. II., pp. 183-185, etc. A Turkish geography, printed at Constantinople, describes this port under the name of _Zeitoun_. Compare Klaproth, _Mémoires sur l’Asie_, Tome II., p. 208. See further, _Chinese Recorder_, Vol. III., p. 87; Vol. IV., p. 77; Vol. V., p. 327, and Vol. VI., p. 31, sqq. [65] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. XV., pp. 185, 225. [66] The _Boston Missionary Herald_ for 1845 (p. 87) contains a notice of the “White Deer Cavern,” in the neighborhood. [67] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. XI., p. 506. [68] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. XII., p. 530; Fortune’s _Tea Districts_, chaps. xiv. and xv. [69] Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. II., p. 186. [70] _Commercial Relations between the U. S. and Foreign Nations._ 1869. [71] “_An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa, an Island subject to the Emperor of Japan_,” etc. Klaproth (_Mémoires sur l’Asie_, Tome I., p. 321) translates an account of this island from Chinese sources. E. C. Taintor, _The Aborigines of Northern Formosa_--Shanghai, 1874--read before the North China branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. _Chinese Repository_, Vol. II., p. 408, and Vol. V., p. 480. CHAPTER III. GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN PROVINCES. ~THE PROVINCE OF HUPEH.~ The central provinces of Hupeh and Hunan formerly constituted a single one under the name of Hukwang (_i.e._ Broad Lakes), and they are still commonly known by this appellation. HUPEH (_i.e._ North of the Lakes) is the smaller of the two, but contains the most arable land. It is bounded north by Honan, east by Nganhwui and Kiangsí, south by Hunan, and west by Sz’chuen and Shensí. Its area is about 70,000 square miles, or slightly above that of New England.