[108] Prejevalsky, _Mongolia_, Vol. I.; Pumpelly, _Across America_, pp. 382-385; Michie, _Across Siberia_. [109] Cottrell’s _Recollections of Siberia_, Chap. IX., p. 314; Timkowski’s _Travels_, Vol. I., pp. 4-91, 1821; Pumpelly, _Across America and Asia_, p. 387, 1871; Klaproth, _Mémoires_, Tome I., p. 63; Ritter, _Die Erdkunde von Asien_, Bd. II., pp. 198-226. [110] Compare Richthofen, _China_, Band I., 2er Theil.; Yule, _Cathay and the Way Thither_, passim. [111] The wild ass is called by Prejevalsky the most remarkable animal of these steppes. Compare Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. I., p. 220 (2d edition). [112] For a notice of the _Ouigours_, who formerly ruled Tangout, consult Klaproth, _Mémoires_, Tome II., p. 301, ff. See also Rémusat, _Nouveaux Mélanges Asiatiques_, Tome II., p. 61, for a notice of the _Ta-ta-tung’o_, who applied their letters to write Mongolian. [113] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. IX., p. 113; Vol. I., p. 118. _Penny Cyclopædia_, Arts. BAYAN KARA, TANGUT. Kreitner, _Im fernen Osten_, p. 702. Huc, _Travels_, passim. [114] Lieut. Kreitner, _Im fernen Osten_. [115] In Rémusat’s _Histoire de la Ville de Khotan_ (p. 76) there is an account of a journey made in the 10th century between Kanchan and Khoten. [116] Rémusat calls it _Pentalope_. _Nouveaux Mélanges_, Tome I., p. 5. [117] The recent treaty between Russia and China (ratified in 1881), marks the boundaries between Ílí and Russian territory in the following sections: Art. VII. A tract of country in the west of Ílí is ceded to Russia, where those who go over to Russia and are thereby dispossessed of their land in Ílí may settle. The boundary line of Chinese Ílí and Russian territory will stretch from the Pieh-chên-tao [Bedschin-tau] Mountains along the course of the Ho-êrh-kwo-ssü [Yehorsos] River, to its junction with the Ílí River, thence across the Ílí River, and south to the east of the village of Kwo-li-cha-tê [Kaldschat] on the Wu-tsung-tau range, and from this point south along the old boundary line fixed by the agreement of Ta-Chêng [Tashkend] in the year 1864. Art. VIII. The boundary line to the east of the Chi-sang lake, fixed in the year 1864 by the agreement of Ta-Chêng [Tashkend], having proved unsatisfactory, high officers will be specially deputed by both countries jointly to examine and alter it so that a satisfactory result may be attained. That there may be no doubt what part of the Khassak country belongs to China and what to Russia, the boundary will consist of a straight line drawn from the Kwei Tung Mountains across the Hei-i-êrh-te-shih River to the Sa-wu-êrh range, and the high officers deputed to settle the boundary will fix the new boundary along such straight line which is within the old boundary.