FOOTNOTES: [150] This careful digest is contained in the _Journal Asiatique_ for 1836 (April and May), and will repay perusal. [151] The population of the Roman Empire at the same period is estimated at 85,000,000 by Merivale (Vol. IV., pp. 336-343), but the data are less complete than in China; he reckons the European provinces at 45,000,000, and the Asiatic and African colonies at the remainder, giving 27,000,000 to Asia Minor and Syria. The area of China, at this time, was less than Rome by about one-fourth. [152] Sir G. Staunton, _Embassy to China_, Vol. II., Appendix, p. 615: “Table of the Population and Extent of China proper, within the Great Wall. Taken in round numbers from the Statements of Chow ta-zhin.” [153] This interesting subject can then be left with the reader, who will find further remarks in Medhurst’s _China_, De Guignes’ _Voyages à Peking_, The Missionaries, in Tomes VI. and VIII. of _Mémoires_, Ed. Biot, in _Journal Asiatique_ for 1836. _The Numerical Relations of the Population of China during the 4,000 Years of its Historical Existence; or the Rise and Fall of the Chinese Population_, by T. Sacharoff. Translated into English by the Rev. W. Lobscheid, Hongkong, 1862. _Notes and Queries on China and Japan_, Vol. II., pp. 88, 103, and 117. [154] _Sacred Edict_, pp. 51, 60. [155] _China: Its State and Prospects_, p. 42. [156] _Ta Tsing Leu Lee; being the Fundamental Laws, etc., of the Penal Code of China_, by Sir G. T. Staunton, Bart., London, 1810. Section CCXXV. [157] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. I., p. 332. [158] _Ibid._, Vol. VII., p. 503; Vol. II., p. 161. [159] Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. II., p. 152. [160] _Penal Code_, p. 79, Staunton’s translation. [161] _Voyages à Peking_, Tome III., pp. 55-86. [162] The _shih_, says Medhurst, is a measure of grain containing 3,460 English cubic inches. _China: Its State and Prospects_, p. 68. London, 1838. [163] _Annales de la Foi_, Tome XVI., p. 440. [164] _Chinese Commercial Guide_, 2d edition, 1842, p. 143. [165] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. I., p. 159. [166] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. II., p. 431. CHAPTER VI. NATURAL HISTORY OF CHINA.