Most of the popular Austrian porcelains were manufactured near Carlsbad in Bohemia, which after World War I became a part of modern Czechoslovakia. After World War I Czechoslovakia and other European countries continued to dominate the American porcelain market. Although American-made earthenwares and stone chinas had become a competitive force around the beginning of the century, it was not until World War II, and the resulting disruption of the European china trade, that American porcelain manufacturers were able to end the tradition of imported ceramics that began with seventeenth century Chinese porcelain. GLASS TABLEWARE [Illustration: uncaptioned] Decorative glass recovered in the privy excavation covered a range of styles and manufacturing techniques spanning the entire nineteenth century. Most of the glass tableware, however, particularly the heavy cut glass, appears to have been manufactured in the antebellum period. This indication that the Middletons continued to dine off their pre-war finery until they left the plantation may be an indication of the family’s reduced financial circumstances after the Civil War. Only a few of the more representative glass tableware items are illustrated below. [Illustration: Figure 12. Cut glass pitcher with applied crimped handle. Early 19th century, possibly American-made.] One of the more popular and long-lived methods of decorating glass has been wheel-cutting, introduced into England from Germany by the early eighteenth century, and used primarily on the soft but brilliant lead glass crystal developed in England around 1675. Early nineteenth century English cut glass, incised entirely by hand, tended toward restrained neoclassical lines, but the introduction of a steam-powered cutting wheel in 1810 ushered in an era of deep and extensive cut decoration. Much of this English and Irish cut glass was imported into the United States, but by the first few decades of the nineteenth century, American glasshouses had developed a reputation in the field as well. The cut glass pitcher in Figure 12 dates from this period and is similar to pitchers produced in Pennsylvania glasshouses in the 1820s. The applied hand-tooled handle is of a type seldom used after the 1860s. [Illustration: Figure 13. Cut glass decanters. A. Cylindrical flute-cut decanter, a style popular in the 1840s. The mate to this decanter is still among the family possessions in the Middleton Place house. B. Shouldered decanter with shallow fluting around base. This style was introduced before 1830.] [Illustration: Figure 14. Stemmed drinking glasses. A. Fluted ale or champagne glass. Cut glass, c. 1810-1840. B. “Almond Thumbprint” pattern wine glass. Pressed glass, post-1850. C. “Mascotte” pattern wine glass. Pressed glass, post-1880.] [Illustration: Figure 15. Ale flute and Mascotte wine glass as they would have appeared unbroken.]