It has been dogmatically asserted repeatedly that birds invariably breed in the most northerly part of their range, and winter in the most southerly. Winter, when speaking of Holarctic birds, only applies to the season in the northern hemisphere; the birds which pass south of the equator winter in summer. Whilst accepting this as a rule, two reservations must be made. First, that it only applies to birds of the northern hemisphere, and secondly that it is a rule with exceptions. It seems probable that the breeding area of some of the birds which reach the British Islands in autumn by the so-called east and west route is in more southerly latitudes than our islands, and certainly it seems evident that the temperature of the winter refuge has more effect upon the birds than its geographical position. Perhaps the statement that a bird always nests in the coldest part of its range is more universally correct. Even this may not be invariably the habit, but in acknowledging it as a rule we must clearly understand that this cold district is resorted to at the period of the year when its temperature is at its highest. There are certain birds which breed in Australia and winter in Oceanic islands where the temperature is cooler than in their breeding area. When considering the migration of birds which summer in the extreme north or breed in the extreme south--alas, but little is known about the migratory habits of many southern breeders--it is comparatively simple to offer an explanation; in the long winter months this home, so desirable in the short weeks of daylight, is dark, ice-bound, and foodless; it is wholly unsuited to the requirements of birds, which, in spite of many assertions to the contrary, have never been proved to hibernate, the only way in which animals can survive for any lengthened period when food supply is entirely cut off.