Mackenzie Valley route, 45. Magnus, Olaus, 3. Mallard, 16, 18, 25, 27, 42. Man-o'-war bird, 25. Mareca americana, 47. Martin, purple, 8. Megaceryle alcyon, 27. Melanitta, 48. deglandi, 43. Melospiza melodia, 26. Migration, advantages of, 4. altitudes, 22. distances, 27. diurnal, 11. fall, 29. historical accounts, 3. long-distance, 30. mystery of, 3. nocturnal, 11. perils, 56. problems, 61. routes, 33. segregation during, 25. short, 27. species and groups, 8. speed, 13. theories of causes, 5. undetermined, 27. vagrant, 55. variable, 28. vertical, 55. weather, 59. Mimus polyglottos, 63. Mississippi Valley route Mniotilta varia, 9. Mockingbird, 63. Movements of residents Murre, 24. Myiochanes richardsoni, 55 Mystery of migration, 3. Nannus hiemalis, 27. Nighthawk, 6, 12, 26, 30, 44, 45. eastern, 52. Nocturnal migration, 11. Nucifraga columbiana, 55. Nutcracker, 55. Nuthatch, 5. white-breasted, 63. Nyctea nyctea, 8. Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli, 55. Nyroca affinis, 42. americana, 42. marila, 42. valisineria, 42. Oidemia, 48. Oncorhynchus, 24. Oporornis formosus, 46. Orientation, 23. Oriole, 11. orchard, 6. Otus asio, 63. Ovenbird, 52, 60. Owl, great horned, 27. screech, 63. snowy, 8, 56. Pacific coast route, 47. Pacific oceanic route, 49. Passerculus princeps, 34. Passerella iliaca fuliginosa, 28. iliaca iliaca, 28. Pelican, 3, 12, 22. Penthestes atricapillus, 5. carolinensis, 63. Perils, aerial obstructions, 57. exhaustion, 59. migration, 56. storms, 56. Petrochelidon albifrons, 13. Pewee, western wood, 55. Phalarope, 27. northern, 23. Philacte canagica, 52. Philohela minor, 30. Photoperiodism theory, 6. Pigeon, homing, 25. racing, 24. Pinicola, 55. Pintail, 18, 47. Pipit, 55. Piranga erythromelas, 26. ludoviciana, 49. Plectrophenax nivalis, 27. Pliny, 3. Plover, 12. American golden, 15. eastern golden, 50. golden, 39, 40, 50, 51, 59. Pacific golden, 49, 54. upland, 11. Pluvialis dominica, 15. dominica dominica, 49. dominica fulva, 49. Pooecetes gramineus, 30. Porzana Carolina, 59. Problems, migration, 61. Progne subis, 8. Quail, 2. California, 62. migratory, 2. western, 27. Querquedula discors, 42. Quiscalus quiscula, 26.