The migrations of early culture: A study of the significance of the geographical distribution of the practice of mummification as evidence of the migrations of peoples and the spread of certain customs and beliefsSmith, Grafton Elliot
History
The migrations of early culture: A study of the significance of the geographical distribution of the practice of mummification as evidence of the migrations of peoples and the spread of certain customs and beliefs
Smith, Grafton Elliot
Ethnology; Human beings -- Migrations; Mummies
In _L’Anthropologie_ (T. 21, 1910, p. 53) Poutrin says of the burial
customs of the M’Baka people of French Congo “le corps, préalablement
embaumé avec des herbes sécher et de la cendre est couché sur un lit.”
Weeks (=104=, pp. 450 and 451) gives an account of the burial customs of
the Bangala of the Upper Congo. “They took out the entrails and buried
them, placed the corpse on a frame, lit a fire under it, and thoroughly
smoke-dried it.” “The dried body was tied in a mat, put in a roughly made
hut.” “Coffins were often made out of old canoes.” “Poorer folk were
rubbed with oil and red camwood powder, bound round with cloth and tied
up in a mat.”
One of the most remarkable instances of the survival of burial practices
strangely reminiscent of those of ancient Egypt has been described by
Mr. Amaury Talbot (=99=). Among the Ibibio people living in the extreme
south-west corner of Nigeria, bordering on the Gulf of Guinea, he found
that both the Ibibios and a neighbouring tribe, the Ibos, had burial
rites which “recall those of ancient Egypt.” For instance, “among Ibos
embalming is still practised.” Two methods of mummification, in which the
evisceration of the corpse takes place, are practised.
For the grave “a wide-mouthed pit” was dug and “from the bottom of this
an underground passage, sometimes thirty feet long, led into a square
chamber with no other outlet. In this the dead body was laid, and, after
the bearers had returned to the light of day, stones were set over
the pit mouth and earth strewn over all.” Further, in the case of the
Ibibios, “in some prominent spot near the town arbour-like erections are
raised as memorials, and furnished with the favourite property of the
dead man. At the back or side of these is placed what we always called
a little ‘Ka’ house, with window or door, into the central chamber,
provided, as in ancient Egypt, for the abode of the dead man’s Ka or
double. Figures of the Chief, with favourite wives and slaves, may also
be seen—counterparts of the Ushabtiu.”
From the photographs illustrating Mr. Talbot’s article many other
remarkable points of resemblance to ancient Egyptian practices are to be
noted.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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