THE DIFFERENT FEELING QUALITIES.--At least six (some writers say even more) distinct and qualitatively different feeling states are easily distinguished. These are: _pleasure_, _pain_; _desire_, _repugnance_; _interest_, _apathy._ Pleasure and pain, and desire and repugnance, are directly opposite or antagonistic feelings. Interest and apathy are not opposites in a similar way, since apathy is but the absence of interest, and not its antagonist. In place of the terms pleasure and pain, the _pleasant_ and the _unpleasant_, or the _agreeable_ and the _disagreeable_, are often used. _Aversion_ is frequently employed as a synonym for repugnance. It is somewhat hard to believe on first thought that feeling comprises but the classes given. For have we not often felt the pain from a toothache, from not being able to take a long-planned trip, from the loss of a dear friend? Surely these are very different classes of feelings! Likewise we have been happy from the very joy of living, from being praised for some well-doing, or from the presence of friend or lover. And here again we seem to have widely different classes of feelings. We must remember, however, that feeling is always based on something _known_. It never appears alone in consciousness as _mere_ pleasures or pains. The mind must have something about which to feel. The "what" must precede the "how." What we commonly call a feeling _is a complex state of consciousness in which feeling predominates_, but which has, nevertheless, _a basis of sensation, or memory, or some other cognitive process_. And what so greatly varies in the different cases of the illustrations just given is precisely this knowledge element, and not the feeling element. A feeling of unpleasantness is a feeling of unpleasantness whether it comes from an aching tooth or from the loss of a friend. It may differ in degree, and the entire mental states of which the feeling is a part may differ vastly, but the simple feeling itself is of the same quality.