On the other hand, certain changes and additions have been made which, it is believed, will add to the strength of the work. First of all, the later psychological studies and investigations have been drawn upon to insure that the matter shall at all points be abreast of the times in scientific accuracy. Because of the wide use of the text in the training of teachers, a more specific educational application to schoolroom problems has been made in various chapters. Exercises for the guidance of observation work and personal introspection are freely used. The chapter on Sensation and Perception has been separated into two chapters, and each subject given more extensive treatment. A new chapter has been added on Association. The various chapters have been subdivided into numbered sections, and cut-in paragraph topics have been used to facilitate the study and teaching of the text. Minor changes and additions occur throughout the volume, thus adding some forty pages to the number in the original edition. Many of the modifications made in the revision are due to valuable suggestions and kindly criticisms received from many teachers of the text in various types of schools. To all who have thus helped so generously by freely giving the author the fruits of their judgment and experience he gladly renders grateful thanks. CORNELL COLLEGE, IOWA. CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE MIND, OR CONSCIOUSNESS PAGE 1. How the mind is to be known: Personal character of consciousness--Introspection the only means of discovering nature of consciousness--How we introspect--Studying mental states of others through expression--Learning to interpret expression. 2. The nature of consciousness: Inner nature of the mind not revealed by introspection --Consciousness as a process or stream--Consciousness likened to a field--The "piling up" of consciousness is attention. 3. Content of the mental stream: Why we need minds--Content of consciousness determined by function--Three fundamental phases of consciousness. 4. Where consciousness resides: Consciousness works through the nervous system. 5. Problems in observation and introspection . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER II ATTENTION 1. Nature of attention: The nature of attention--Normal consciousness always in a state of attention. 2. The effects of attention: Attention makes its object clear and definite--Attention measures mental efficiency. 3. How we attend: Attention a relating activity--The rhythms of attention. 4. Points of failure in attention: Lack of concentration--Mental wandering. 5. Types of attention: The three types of attention--Interest and nonvoluntary attention--The will and voluntary attention--Not really different kinds of attention--Making different kinds of attention reenforce each other--The habit of attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 CHAPTER III THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM