The mind of primitive man : $b A course of lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass., and the National University of Mexico, 1910-1911Boas, Franz
Science
The mind of primitive man : $b A course of lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass., and the National University of Mexico, 1910-1911
Boas, Franz
Ethnopsychology; Race
What is true of language is obviously even more true of culture. In
other words, if a certain type of man migrated over a considerable area
before its language assumed the form which can now be traced in related
linguistic groups, and before its culture assumed the definite type the
further development of which can now be recognized, there would be no
possibility of ever discovering a correlation of type, language, and
culture, even if it had ever existed; but it is quite possible that such
correlation has really never occurred.
It is quite conceivable that a certain racial type may have scattered
over a considerable area during a formative period of speech, and that
the languages which developed among the various groups of this racial
type came to be so different that it is now impossible to prove them to
be genetically related. In the same way, new developments of culture may
have taken place which are so entirely disconnected with older types
that the older genetic relationships, even if they existed, can no
longer be discovered.
If we adopt this point of view, and thus eliminate the hypothetical
assumption of correlation between primitive type, primitive language,
and primitive culture, we recognize that any attempt at classification
which includes more than one of these traits cannot be consistent.
It may be added that the general term “culture,” which has been used
here, may be subdivided from a considerable number of points of view;
and different results again might be expected when we consider the
inventions, the types of social organization, or beliefs, as leading
points of view in our classification.
After we have thus shown that language, culture, and type cannot be
considered as constantly associated, and after we have recognized that
the same type of man has developed distinct languages, the question
still remains open, whether the languages developed by any one stock
bear marks of superiority or inferiority. It has been claimed, for
instance, that the highly developed inflected languages of Europe are
much superior to the cumbersome agglutinative or polysynthetic languages
of northern Asia and of America (Gabelentz). We have also been told that
lack of phonetic discrimination, lack of power of abstraction, are
characteristics of primitive languages. It is important to show whether
these traits are really associated with any languages of primitive man.
In a way this consideration leads us back to the study of alleged mental
characteristics of distinct human types.
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