In order to express many opinions in a small amount of space, we submit a table of estimates and summaries, covering a few mammalian species that are representative of many. But, try as they will, it is not likely that any two animal men will set down the same estimates. It all depends upon the wealth or the poverty of first-hand, eye-witness evidence. When we enter the field of evidence that must stand in quotation marks, we cease to know where we will come out. We desire to state that nearly all of the figures in the attached table of estimates are based upon the author's own observations, made during a period of more than forty years of ups and downs with wild animals. ESTIMATES OF THE COMPARATIVE INTELLIGENCE AND ABILITY OF CERTAIN CONSPICUOUS WILD ANIMALS, BASED UPON KNOWN PERFORMANCES, OR THE ABSENCE OF THEM. [Footnote: To the author, correspondence regarding the reasons for these estimates is impossible.] [beginning of chart] Perfection in all=100 [list of categories below are written vertically above the columns, with the last column unnamed and representing a total score of animal intelligence/1000] Hereditary Knowledge Perceptive Faculties Original Thought Memory Reason Receptivity in Training Efficiency in Execution Nervous Energy Keenness of the Senses Use of the Voice Primates Chimpanzee . . . . . . . . .100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 50 925 Orang-Utan . . . . . . . . .100 100 100 75 100 75 100 75 100 25 850 Gorilla. . . . . . . . . . . . .50 50 50 50 75 25 25 50 100 25 500 Ungulates Indian Elephant . . . . . .100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 50 25 850 Rhinoceros. . . . . . . . .25 25 25 25 25 0 0 25 25 0 175 Giraffe . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 25 25 25 25 25 0 25 100 0 300 White-Tailed Deer . . .100 100 100 25 50 0 0 100 100 0 575 Big-Horn Sheep . . . . . .100 100 50 25 50 0 0 100 100 0 525 Mountain Goat. . . . . . .100 100 100 25 100 0 0 100 100 0 625 Domestic Horse. . . . . .100 100 100 75 75 75 75 100 100 50 850 Carnivores Lion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 50 75 50 75 50 100 100 25 725 Tiger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 75 50 50 50 25 25 100 100 0 575 Grizzly Bear . . . . . . . . .100 100 50 25 50 75 50 75 100 25 725 Brown Bear (European)100 100 50 25 50 75 50 75 100 25 650 Gray Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 25 75 00 100 100 25 625 Coyote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 75 50 25 50 0 0 75 100 25 500 Red Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 50 75 100 0 0 100 100 25 650 Domestic Dog . . . . . . . . .50 100 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 850 Wolverine . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 100 25 100 0 75 100 100 0 700 Beaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 100 25 100 0 100 100 100 0 725