Transcriber’s Note Words in italics are marked with _underscores_. Words in small capitals are shown in UPPER CASE. Most pages started with a sidenote showing the year. These were printed in bold and partially underlined. They have been moved to the start of paragraphs, and kept only when they change. For some long paragraphs, which were printed over several pages, a range of dates is shown. Other sidenotes, originally in italics, give the actual date of an event. These have been moved next to the description of the date, and are shown in parentheses, e.g. {30 May}. Others, which merely repeat a date, have been removed. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of chapters. All references to footnote numbers (i.e. page and note number) have been changed to the footnote numbers used here. Some formatting and punctuation in citations, sidenotes and the index have been standardized. Variant spelling, inconsistent hyphenation and inconsistent spelling of people’s names are retained, however a few palpable printing errors have been corrected. Opening brackets within brackets have been left unclosed. Other changes are listed at the end of the book. +--------------------------------+ | _By the same Author_ | | | | JOHN LACKLAND | | | | 8vo. 8_s._ 6_d._ net. | | | | LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. | +--------------------------------+ THE MINORITY OF HENRY THE THIRD [Illustration: Publisher’s logo] MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO DALLAS . SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO THE MINORITY OF HENRY THE THIRD BY KATE NORGATE MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN’S STREET, LONDON 1912 _COPYRIGHT_ RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BRUNSWICK STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. I was set to work at the history of Henry III’s early years by a letter from Thomas Andrew Archer which only reached me after his death. To his memory I dedicate this book. _4 January, 1912._ CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE THE WAR WITH LOUIS, 1216–1217 1 CHAPTER II THE REGENCY OF WILLIAM THE MARSHAL, 1217–1219 61 CHAPTER III THE LEGATION OF PANDULF, 1219–1221 108 CHAPTER IV TUTORS AND GOVERNORS, 1221–1223 173 CHAPTER V THE YOUNG KING, 1223–1227 208