Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
What these “matters” were is nowhere stated. Later indications,
however, point to a probability that all these obscure proceedings
resulted in a ratification of the treaty as a whole, but with a
modification of one article. William the Lion had given the wardship
and marriage of his two daughters, Margaret and Isabel, to John, with
fifteen thousand marks which were, seemingly, intended to form their
dowries. The only copy of the treaty of Norham which we possess says
nothing more on the subject than this; but from other sources we
have reason to infer the existence in the original text of a further
stipulation, that the elder girl, Margaret, was to become the wife of
John’s heir, or if the boy should not live long enough, of the next
heir, the baby Richard; and also of a formal surrender, made on the
express condition of this marriage, of all the Scot King’s claims
upon Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland.[601] When this
treaty was made, in August 1209, Henry’s age was one year and ten
months; Richard’s was seven months. Margaret of Scotland was fourteen
years old at the least.[602] By 1218 Margaret’s brother and Henry’s
guardians must all alike have begun to feel that this clause as it
stood was doomed to prove impracticable. Henry’s great-grandfather
Geoffrey of Anjou had, indeed, at the age of fifteen, married a woman
ten years older than himself; and the difference of age between Henry
II and Eleanor was probably not much less. But Eleanor was Duchess of
Aquitaine, and Geoffrey’s bride was heiress of Normandy and England;
while Margaret could bring to her husband nothing beyond her share
of the fifteen thousand marks. The guardians of the reigning King of
England might fairly expect to have no difficulty in finding for him
in due time a matrimonial alliance fraught with greater advantages,
personal and political, than were offered by a marriage under these
circumstances with a sister of his own vassal; and Henry himself, when
old enough to decide, was almost certain to repudiate the engagement
so lightly made for him by his father. On the other hand, unless some
steps were taken in anticipation of this contingency, Scotland might
find that she had given England fifteen thousand marks for nothing:
the non-fulfilment of this unlucky clause would invalidate the whole
treaty, and might lead to a rupture between the two countries, which
both parties desired to avoid. After Henry’s final coming of age in
1227, we are told, he had to give the King of Scots two hundred pounds
worth of land for the quit-claim of the three northern counties,
“because the former agreements[603] were not observed”--that is,
because Henry had not married Margaret.[604] This compensation for his
failure to marry her may have been agreed upon between the two Kings
when she was betrothed to Hubert de Burgh in 1220 or 1221. Possibly,
however, and even more probably, it may have been settled in Pandulf’s
presence in November, 1219.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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