Essay 2nd treats of travelling, as far as it regards the _picturesque_, which is to be sought in natural, and sometimes artificial, objects; these will constantly present themselves to the observer under all the varieties of light and shadow, and the different combinations of colour, form, and accompaniment, sometimes producing whole landscapes, but more frequently only beautiful parts of scenery. The _curious_ and _fantastic_ forms of nature are not subjects for the pencil,--and the draughtsman will endeavour to depict _animate_ as well as inanimate objects. The utility and amusement of travelling, are also considered in this essay, and hints thrown out for the improvement of barren and disagreeable country, by the observation of lights and shadows, tints of the season, distances, &c., with a recommendation to supply, if possible, every hiatus of nature, by the _imagination_ of all that is needed to render her perfectly picturesque. (An ingenious idea; but, alas! mountains will not always rise in a marsh, forests wave over a sterile heath, nor lakes and rivers adorn a wheat-field. This essay, however, is worthy the perusal of travellers even, who never touched a pencil.) Essay 3rd treats of sketching from nature from whence are deduced the following _Rules._ 1. Every landscape should have a _leading subject_; a rule too much neglected even by superior artists. 2. Get the object, or subject you design to copy, into the _best_ point of view. 3. Landscape consists of three general parts:--fore-ground, middle or second-ground, and distance; in sketching foreground, it is a good rule to have some part of it higher than the rest of the picture. (_Vide_ Rule the 7th.) 4. Mark the principal parts, (or points) of your landscape on paper, that you may more readily ascertain the relative distances and situations of the others. 5. Pay attention to the _character_ of your subject; mingle not _trivial_ with _grand_ details. 6. One landscape must not be crowded with circumstances sufficient for two or more. 7. It is sufficient to give the principal feature of what you essay to represent; as a castle, abbey, bridge, &c.; but its accompaniments may (and to _make a picture_, should) be often different. The _fore-ground_ of a drawing _must_ be the artist's own; and it should be ample, since an extended distance, and a narrow fore-ground is always awkward and bad in a picture--N.B. Taste and observation will direct the student to select for his fore-ground, clusters of trees, pieces of rock, or the fragments of ruined fabrics, &c., according to the nature of his subject. 8. On the accurate observation of _distances_ the beauty of landscape depends; be careful therefore to get them correct at your outset, and to keep them so, by shading lightly with pen or brush your black-lead sketch, (should the parts be complicated,) whilst the view is before you, or fresh in your memory.