He proceeds to speak of “occupation,” meaning not occupation but the
possession of energy. And in this way we come to the problem of Will,
in these words:[93] “It is probable that the principle of pain first
regulates the displacements of occupation automatically, but it is
quite possible that the consciousness of these qualities adds a second
and more subtile regulation which may even oppose the first.... The
automatic control of the primary principle of pain and the restriction
of mental capacity connected with it are broken by the sensible
regulations which in their turn are again automatisms.” And again: “The
mental processes are in themselves devoid of quality except for the
excitement of pleasure and pain accompanying them,” which, as we know,
are to be held in check as possible “disturbers of thought.”[94]
This, if it means anything, means that energy in the primary psychic
system is automatically regulated by pleasure and pain. But the primary
processes are not only unconscious, they are incapable of becoming
conscious. “There are,” we are told,[95] “two kinds of unconscious
... both are unconscious in the psychological sense; but in our sense
the first, which we call the unconscious, is likewise incapable of
consciousness.” Freud, like Dr. Watson, attempts to conceive of
pleasure, pain and unconsciousness altogether. He, like the great
behaviorist, subtracts the quality of painfulness from pain and the
quality of pleasurableness from pleasure, and fancies that he has
something left--something capable of regulating our unconscious conduct
automatically.
Even when we come to the secondary process, with its “sensible
regulation,” these “in their turn are again automatisms.” And though
they have no quality except as exciters of pleasure and pain, this
excitement must be held in check as a possible disturber of thought--of
the sensible regulations. So these higher mental processes, which
have no quality save the one of which they are deprived, yet
exercise a control at once “sensible” and “automatic” over their more
humble neighbors in the psychic basement. And somewhere there is “a
restriction of mental capacity.” With this last statement I have no
quarrel.
“What part,” Freud wants to know,[96] “now remains in our description
of the once all-powerful and all overshadowing consciousness?” Very
little, one would think. “None,” he says, “other than that of a sensory
organ for the perception of psychic qualities.... The psychic process
which is turned to the outer world is itself the outer world for the
sensory organ of consciousness.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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