(7) The use of gravity is recognized as a proper procedure in all departments from a low labor cost standpoint. The locating of the buildings, one to another; to minimize the transferring of products; and the grouping of products as to convenience in shipping by wagon, by car or by boat, as the case may require, are also important. (8) Very important is the question of grouping cold storage departments so as to minimize the wall space and exposure from radiation; likewise the concentration of buildings requiring heat to avoid the loss of fuel by reason of long steam lines, and radiation which can not be prevented. =Principles of Design.=--The crux of the plant appears to be the slaughtering department for it is here the work begins and from this source radiates the various parts for disposal. One well-known and successful designer works with the idea of beginning at the rendering department, and establishing the tops of the rendering tanks, or digestors, on a level with the viscera separating floor, from which the refuse is readily transported without the use of elevator or lift service. The slaughtering floor is naturally above this level, and all other departments disposed to meet the various needs. Obviously there being so many controlling factors, no examples can be set out to meet all conditions. There follows however, a ground plan and sectional view of several plants of varying sizes with descriptive data. CHAPTER III. PLANT DESIGN. DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS -- PLANT NO. 1 -- PLANT NO. 2 -- PLANT NO. 3 -- PLANT NO. 4 -- TYPE OF PLANT -- LOADING FACILITIES -- PRODUCING DEPARTMENT -- ABBATOIR BUILDING -- RENDERING BUILDING -- LIVE STOCK -- ICING DEPARTMENT -- COOLER BUILDING -- PORK HOUSE -- MANUFACTURING BUILDING -- SALT SPACES -- POWER DEPARTMENT -- GRAVITY SYSTEM -- HOW TO BUILD -- FIREPROOF DESIGN -- ADVANTAGES -- SLOW BURNING CONSTRUCTION -- APPROVAL OF PLANS. =Description of Plants.=--This chapter is devoted to a description of several types of plants. =Plant No. 1.=--A moderate sized beef, mutton, and pork producing plant capable of slaughtering six hundred cattle, fifteen hundred sheep and fifteen hundred hogs daily, and taking care of the products of manufacture resulting therefrom. This design was developed upon the principle of gravity for movement of products with as little use of elevators as possible; the avoidance of excessive use of mechanical conveyors and contrivances; the grouping of buildings intended for hot or cold temperatures; economy of operation, and for minimum car movement.