Enticing settlers to the virgin lands of the West--Emigration bureaus--Railways extended for the benefit of emigrants--The first continuous railroad across the American continent-- Campaigns for developing sparsely settled places in the West-- Unprofitable branch railroads in the East--Development of scientific farming--Improved farms are traffic-makers--New factories being opened--How railroad managers have developed Atlantic City. CHAPTER XXIII THE EXPRESS SERVICE AND THE RAILROAD MAIL 369 Development of express business--Railroad conductors the first mail and express messengers--William F. Harnden's express service--Postage rates--Establishment and organization of great express companies--Collection and distribution of express matter--Relation between express companies and railroads-- Beginnings of post-office department--Statistics--Railroad mail service--Newspaper delivery--Handling of mail matter--Growth of the service. CHAPTER XXIV THE MECHANICAL DEPARTMENTS 388 Care and repair of cars and engines--The locomotive cleaned and inspected after each long journey--Frequent visits of engines to the shops and foundries at Altoona--The table for testing the power and speed of locomotives--The car shops--Steel cars beginning to supersede wooden ones--Painting a freight car--Lack of method in early repair shops--Search for flaws in wheels. CHAPTER XXV THE RAILROAD MARINE 404 Steamship lines under railroad control--Fleet of New York Central--Tugs--Railroad connections at New York harbor--Handling of freight--Ferry-boats--Tunnel under Detroit River--Car-ferries and lake routes--Great Lakes steamship lines under railroad control. CHAPTER XXVI KEEPING IN TOUCH WITH THE MEN 418 The first organized branch of the Railroad Y. M. C. A.-- Cornelius Vanderbilt's gift of a club-house--Growth of the Railroad Y. M. C. A.--Plans by the railways to care for the sick and the crippled--The pension system--Entertainments--Model restaurants--Free legal advice--Employees' magazines--The Order of the Red Spot. CHAPTER XXVII THE COMING OF ELECTRICITY 432 Electric street cars--Suburban cars--Electric third-rail from Utica to Syracuse--Some railroads partially adopt electric power--The benefit of electric power in tunnels--Also at terminal stations--Conditions which make electric traction practical and economical--Hopeful outlook for electric traction--The monorail and the gyroscope car, invented by Louis Brennan--A similar invention by August Scherl. APPENDIX 449 Efficiency through Organization.