The Modes of Ancient Greek MusicMonro, D. B. (David Binning)
History
The Modes of Ancient Greek Music
Monro, D. B. (David Binning)
Music, Greek and Roman
With regard to the order in which the new notes obtained a place in
the schemes of theoretical musicians we have no trustworthy
information. The name [Greek: proslambanomenos], applied to the
lowest note of the Perfect System, points to a time when it was the
last new addition to the scale. Plutarch in his work on the _Timaeus_
of Plato ([Greek: peri tês en Timaiô psychogonias]) speaks of the
Proslambanomenos as having been added in comparatively recent times
(p. 1029 _c_ [Greek: hoi de neôteroi ton proslambanomenon tonô
diapheronta tês hypatês epi to bary taxantes to men holon diastêma
dis dia pasôn epoiêsan]). The rest of the Perfect System he ascribes
to 'the ancients' ([Greek: tous palaious ismen hypatas men dyo, treis
de nêtas, mian de mesên kai mian paramesên tithemenous]). An earlier
addition--perhaps the first made to the primitive octave--was a note
called Hyperhypatê, which was a tone below the old Hypatê, in the
place afterwards occupied on the Diatonic scale by Lichanos Hypatôn.
It naturally disappeared when the tetrachord Hypatôn came into use.
It is only mentioned by one author, Thrasyllus (quoted by Theon
Smyrnaeus, cc. 35-36[1]).
[Footnote 1: The term [Greek: hyperypatê] had all but disappeared
from the text of Theon Smyrnaeus in the edition of Bullialdus (Paris,
1644), having been corrupted into [Greek: hypatê] or [Greek:
parypatê] in every place except one (p. 141, 3). It has been restored
from MSS. in the edition of Hiller (Teubner, Leipzig, 1878). The word
occurs also in Aristides Quintilianus (p. 10 Meib.), where the plural
[Greek: hyperypatai] is used for the notes below Hypatê, and in
Boethius (_Mus._ i. 20).
It may be worth noticing also that Thrasyllus uses the words [Greek:
diezeugmenê] and [Greek: hyperbolaia] in the sense of [Greek: nêtê
diezeugmenôn] and [Greek: nêtê hyperbolaiôn] (Theon Smyrn. _l. c._).]
The notes of the Perfect System, with the intervals of the scale
which they formed, are fully set out in the two treatises that pass
under the name of the geometer Euclid, viz. the _Introductio
Harmonica_ and the _Sectio Canonis_. Unfortunately the authorship of
both these works is doubtful[1]. All that we can say is that if the
Perfect System was elaborated in the brief interval between the time
of Aristotle and that of Euclid, the materials for it must have
already existed in musical practice.
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