§ 35. _Evidence for Scales of different species._ The Hypo-dorian or common species--the Dorian--the Mixo-lydian--the Phrygian and the Hypo-phrygian--Aristotle on Dorian and Phrygian--the dithyramb 101 § 36. _Conclusion._ Early importance of genus and key only--change in Ptolemy's time in the direction of the mediaeval Tones 108 § 37. _Epilogue--Speech and Song._ Musical nature of Greek accent--relation of musical and ordinary utterance--agreement of melody and accent in the Seikelos inscription--rhythm of music and of prose--the stress accent (_ictus_)--music influenced by language--words and melody--want of harmony--the non-diatonic scales 113 APPENDIX. Table I. Scales of the seven oldest Keys, with the species of the same name 127 Table II. The fifteen Keys 128 Music of the _Orestes_ of Euripides 130 Musical part of the Seikelos inscription 133 The hymns recently discovered at Delphi: Hymn to Apollo--the scale--the changes of genus and key--the 'mode' identical with the modern Minor--the other fragments--the agreement of melody and accent 134 Index of passages discussed or referred to 142 THE MODES OF ANCIENT GREEK MUSIC. § 1. _Introductory._ The modes of ancient Greek music are of interest to us, not only as the forms under which the Fine Art of Music was developed by a people of extraordinary artistic capability, but also on account of the peculiar ethical influence ascribed to them by the greatest ancient philosophers. It appears from a well-known passage in the _Republic_ of Plato, as well as from many other references, that in ancient Greece there were certain kinds or forms of music, which were known by national or tribal names--Dorian, Ionian, Phrygian, Lydian and the like: that each of these was believed to be capable, not only of expressing particular emotions, but of reacting on the sensibility in such a way as to exercise a powerful and specific influence in the formation of character: and consequently that the choice, among these varieties, of the musical forms to be admitted into the education of the state, was a matter of the most serious practical concern. If on a question of this kind we are inclined to distrust the imaginative temper of Plato we have only to turn to the discussion of the same subject in the _Politics_ of Aristotle, and we shall find the Platonic view criticised in some important details, but treated in the main as being beyond controversy.