The Molecular Tactics of a CrystalKelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Science
The Molecular Tactics of a Crystal
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Crystallography, Mathematical
These three tetrahedrons are equal and heterochirally[1] similar to the
first three. The consideration of these acute angled tetrahedrons, is
of fundamental importance in respect to the engineering of an elastic
solid, or crystal, according to Boscovich. So also is the consideration
of the cluster of thirteen points _C_ and the six neighbours
_DEFD′E′F′_ in the plane of the diagram, and the three neighbours
_AA′A″_ on the floor above, and _BB′B″_ on the floor below.
§ 4. The case in which each of the four faces of each of the
tetrahedrons of § 3 is an equilateral triangle is particularly
interesting. An assemblage fulfilling this condition may conveniently
be called an ‘equilateral homogeneous assemblage,’ or, for brevity, an
‘equilateral assemblage.’ In an equilateral assemblage _C_’s twelve
neighbours are all equi-distant from it. I hold in my hand a cluster of
thirteen little black balls, made up by taking one of them and placing
the twelve others in contact with it (and therefore packed in the
closest possible order), and fixing them all together by fish-glue.
You see it looks, in size, colour, and shape, quite like a mulberry.
The accompanying diagram shows a stereoscopic view of a similar cluster
of balls painted white for the photograph.
[Illustration: FIG. 2.]
§ 5. By adding ball after ball to such a cluster of thirteen, and
always taking care to place each additional ball in some position in
which it is properly in line with others, so as to make the whole
assemblage homogeneous, we can exercise ourselves in a very interesting
manner in the building up of any possible form of crystal of the class
called ‘cubic’ by some writers and ‘octahedral’ by others. You see
before you several examples. I advise any of you who wish to study
crystallography to contract with a wood-turner, or a maker of beads for
furniture tassels or for rosaries, for a thousand wooden balls of about
half an inch diameter each. Holes through them will do no harm and may
even be useful; but make sure that the balls are as nearly equal to one
another, and each as nearly spherical, as possible.
[Illustration: FIG. 3.]
§ 6. You see here before you a large model which I have made to
illustrate a homogeneous assemblage of points, on a plan first given,
I believe, by Mr. William Barlow (_Nature_, December 20 and 27, 1883).
The roof of the model is a lattice-frame (Fig. 3) consisting of two
sets of eight parallel wooden bars crossing one another, and kept
together by pins through the middles of the crossings. As you see, I
can alter it to make parallelograms of all degrees of obliquity till
the bars touch, and again you see I can make them all squares.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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