Six months had not passed after the death of Alexander and his son,
when Ivan died, March 31, 1340, being about fifty years of age. He died
before his time, and perhaps unexpectedly, but he was able to go to
Spasski, his favorite monastery, and put on the monk’s habit. He was
buried in the Archangel Cathedral, his tomb being the first in that
series of Moscow sovereigns, his descendants.
Uzbek, besides appreciating Ivan as a servant who was faithful and who
worked for him zealously, liked the man personally. He placed him above
all the princes, honored him in sovereign style, and made him presents.
Among those presents was a bag, the Mongol kalitá, destined to historic
celebrity. Of Ivan it was said by those who praised him that to the
poor he stretched a hand which was never empty; that whenever he went
from his palace he filled his kalitá with coins and gave them to the
poor whom he met in his progress. “Not precious the gift,” says the
proverb, “but precious the love which goes with it,” and Ivan Kalitá,
as people came to call him from the gift of the Khan which ever
afterward he used so constantly, gave his coins affably, for he liked
much to give to the needy. The kalitá which he had received from
Uzbek’s own hands might be considered emblematic of his leading
activity and methods. Though one use of this kalitá was to carry coins
for the needy, Ivan’s purse had other uses. It was the clearing house
of Russia in his day. Into it flowed the tribute and taxes; out of it
went the sums for which account was imperative; with him remained for
use in his struggle for supremacy all profits and remnants of every
kind. One of the most important acts of Ivan’s life was the removal of
the religious capital of Russia from Vladimir to Moscow. During his
pastoral visits, Peter of Lithuania, at that time metropolitan, came to
Moscow frequently, and conceived a friendship for Ivan. Later he spent
all of his time in Moscow, where he died and was buried. His last words
to Kalitá were: “If you obey me, my son, you will build a church here
and give repose to my bones in your city. You and your sons and your
grandsons will thus gain more fame than all the other princes, and this
place will be renowned. The pastors of the church will dwell in it, and
it will be above all other cities.” The church was built. The
succeeding metropolitan would not desert the house and tomb of the holy
Peter, and Moscow became the center of religious administration.
During 1340 died Ivan Kalitá, Gedimin, and Uzbek Khan of the Golden
Horde, three men who left profound traces in Russia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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