In this division of Russia the best principality, Kief, went to the
eldest son; the second in value, Chernigoff, to the second son, and so
on. The idea was to give each prince a place whose income corresponded
to his rank in the scale of seniority. Kief, besides its superior
income, carried with it the sovereignty of Russia.
Let us follow the working of this system. In 1057, three years after
Yaroslav’s death, died the fourth brother, Vyacheslav of Smolensk,
leaving one son. Igor of Volynia was transferred to Smolensk by his
brothers, and Rostislav, the nephew, was moved from Rostoff to Volynia.
In 1060 Igor died in Smolensk, leaving sons also. The remaining three
brothers gave Smolensk neither to Igor’s sons, nor to Rostislav, to
whom, by the established order, it would belong.
Rostislav, enraged at his uncles, found daring spirits in Novgorod to
help him, among others Vyshata, son of Ostromir, the posadnik. With
these men he set out for Tmutarakan to find warriors and win by the
sword that which, as he thought, belonged to him.
In 1058 the four surviving brothers freed their uncle Sudislav from
prison, where Yaroslav, his brother, had kept him for eighteen years.
They took from him an oath to act in no way against them. Old and
childless, he entered a monastery, and died five years later.
Rostislav now took Tmutarakan from Glaib, son of Sviatoslav. Sviatoslav
hurried to help his son, and, as Rostislav did not resist his uncle,
Glaib was put back into power very promptly. No sooner was Sviatoslav
at home, however, than Glaib was driven out a second time by Rostislav,
who now settled down firmly and with a purpose. He began at once to
extend his dominion along the Caucasus, and was rapidly gaining power
to use against his uncles, when the Greeks of the Chersonese poisoned
him, and Glaib took his old place again unhindered.
The three sons of Yaroslav were rid now of their nephew, but they had a
cousin who began to give them much trouble. This cousin was Vseslav of
Polotsk, grandson of Izyaslav, the eldest brother of Yaroslav the
Lawgiver. This Vseslav was known to be desperate in battle, and swift
beyond any man in marching. People believed him born through
enchantment, they thought him a real devil’s son, who could turn to a
gray wolf and race in one night from the Caucasus to Novgorod. This so
called “wizard,” excluded from the sovereign circle, now began war in
defense of rights which to him, the great-grandson of Vladimir the
Apostle, might indeed seem well founded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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