The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazineVarious
Philosophy
The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazine
Various
Philosophy -- Periodicals
Now in Hegel there is no such conception of thought and of _a priori_, as
is found in Kant. Kant formulated the conception of thought as objective,
but he interpreted this as meaning that thought subjective in itself
_becomes_ objective when synthetic of a given sense-manifold. When Hegel
calls thought objective he means just what he says: that there is no
special, apart faculty of thought belonging to and operated by a mind
existing separate from the outer world. What Hegel means by objective
thought is the meaning, the significance of the fact itself; and by
methods of thought he understands simply the processes in which this
meaning of fact is evolved.
There has been, of late, considerable discussion of the place and
function of “relations” in knowledge. This discussion in English
speculation, at least, tends to turn largely about Thomas Hill Green’s
reconstruction of Kantianism. I consider it unfortunate that this
discussion has taken the form of a debate between empiricism and
Kantianism. The question of knowledge has thus come to be whether or
not certain relations are supplied by thought to sensations in order to
make an orderly whole out of the latter, chaotic in themselves. Now when
Hegel talks of relations of thought (not that he makes much use of just
this term) he means no such separate forms. Relations of thought are, to
Hegel, the typical forms of meaning which the subject-matter takes in
its various progressive stages of being understood. And this is what _a
priori_ means from a Hegelian standpoint. It is not some element _in_
knowledge; some addition of thought to experience. It is experience
itself in its skeleton, in the main features of its framework.
“Refutations” of Hegel, then, which attempt to show that “thought” in
itself is empty, that it waits for content from experience, that it
cannot by any manipulation evolve truth out of itself are, if taken as
having relevance to Hegel, simply meaningless. Hegel begins where these
arguers leave off. Accepting all that they can say, he goes one step
further, and denies that there is any such “thought” at all anywhere in
existence. The question of the relations or “categories of thought” is
just the question of the broad and main aspects of fact as that fact
comes to be understood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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