The term Christian civilization examined--Reasons for rejecting it--Intellectual diversity no hindrance to the universal diffusion of Christianity--Civilizing influence of Christian religion by elevating and purifying the morals, etc.; but does not remove intellectual disparities--Various instances--Cherokees--Difference between imitation and comprehension of civilized life 215 INTRODUCTORY NOTE TO CHAPTERS VIII. AND IX. Rapid survey of the populations comprised under the appellation "Teutonic"--Their present ethnological area, and leading characteristics--Fondness for the sea displayed by the Teutonic tribes of Northwestern Europe, and perceptible in their descendants 234 CHAPTER VIII. CIVILIZATION. Mr. Guizot's and Mr. W. von Humboldt's definitions examined. Its elements 246 CHAPTER IX. ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION--CONTINUED. Definition of the term--Specific differences of civilizations--Hindoo, Chinese, European, Greek, and Roman civilizations--Universality of Chinese civilization--Superficiality of ours--Picture of the social condition of France 272 CHAPTER X. QUESTION OF UNITY OR PLURALITY OF RACES. Systems of Camper, Blumenbach, Morton, Carus--Investigations of Owen, Vrolik, Weber--Prolificness of hybrids, the great scientific stronghold of the advocates of unity of species 312 CHAPTER XI. PERMANENCY OF TYPES. The language of Holy Writ in favor of common origin--The permanency of their characteristics separates the races of men as effectually as if they were distinct creations--Arabs, Jews--Prichard's argument about the influence of climate examined--Ethnological history of the Turks and Hungarians 336 CHAPTER XII. CLASSIFICATION OF RACES. Primary varieties--Test for recognizing them; not always reliable--Effects of intermixture--Secondary varieties--Tertiary varieties--Amalgamation of races in large cities--Relative scale of beauty in various branches of the human family--Their inequality in muscular strength and powers of endurance 368 NOTE TO THE PRECEDING CHAPTER. The position and treatment of woman among the various races of men a proof of their moral and intellectual diversity 384 CHAPTER XIII. PERFECTIBILITY OF MAN. Imperfect notions of the capability of savage tribes--Parallel between our civilization and those that preceded it--Our modern political theories no novelty--The political parties of Rome--Peace societies--The art of printing a means, the results of which depend on its use--What constitutes a "living" civilization--Limits of the sphere of intellectual acquisitions 391 CHAPTER XIV.