But that organization of life which denotes the presence of morality
has not yet been defined. The isolated interest extricates itself from
mechanism; and, struggling to maintain itself, does, it is true, divide
the world into good and bad, according to its uses. But the moral
drama opens only when interest meets interest; when the path of one
unit of life is crossed by that of another. Every interest is
compelled to recognize other interests, on the one hand as parts of its
environment, and on the other hand as partners in the general
enterprise of life. Thus there is evolved the _moral_ idea, or
principle of action, according to which _interest allies itself with
interest in order to be free-handed and powerful_ against the common
hereditary enemy, the heavy inertia and the incessant wear of the
cosmos. Through morality a plurality of interests becomes an
_economy_, or _community of interests_.
I have thus far described the situation as though it were essentially a
social one. But while, historically speaking, it is doubtless always
social in one of its aspects, the essence of the matter is as truly
represented within the {14} group of interests sustained by a single
organism, when these, for example, are united in an individual
life-purpose. Morality is that procedure in which several interests,
whether they involve one or more physical organisms, are so adjusted as
to function as one interest, more massive in its support, and more
coherent and united in the common task of fulfilment. Interests
morally combined are not destroyed or superseded, as are mechanical
forces, by their resultant. The power of the higher interest is due to
a summing of incentives emanating from the contributing interests; it
can perpetuate itself only through keeping these interests alive. The
most spectacular instance of this is government, which functions as
one, and yet derives its power from an enormous variety of different
interests, which it must foster and conserve as the sources of its own
life. In all cases the strength of morality must lie in its liberality
and breadth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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