The simplest _moral_ economy is that in which two or more interests are
_reciprocally adjusted_ without being subordinated. The principle of
organization which defines such an economy is _prudence_. Prudence
becomes necessary at the moment when interests come into such contact
with one another as provokes retaliation. Thus, for example, interests
react on one another through being embodied in the same physical
organism. Each bodily activity depends on the well-being of
co-ordinate functions, and if its exercise be so immoderate as to
injure these, it undermines itself. _Moderation_ gains for special
interests the support of a general bodily health.
But bodily health is not the only medium of interdependence among the
interests of a single individual. His interests must draw not only
upon a common source of vitality, but also upon a common stock of
material resources. The limitation of interests that follows from this
fact is frugality or _thrift_, the practical working of the principle
that present waste is future lack, and that, therefore, to save now is
to spend hereafter. Thrift involves also a special emphasis on {88}
livelihood, since this is a source of supply for all particular
interests.
The social relation makes interests externally interdependent in a
great variety of ways. Interests must inhabit one space, exploit one
physical environment, and employ a common mode of communication. If
any interest so acts as unduly to divert one of these mediums to its
own uses, it must suffer retaliation from the other interests that
likewise depend on that medium. It is prudent to give even one's rival
half the road, and to divide the spoils with him. There is a politic
form of _honesty_; and _veracity_ may be conceived only as a kind of
caution. Thus Menander says: "It is always best to speak the truth in
all circumstances. This is a precept which contributes most to safety
of life." [4] _Tact_ is only a more refined method of avoiding the
antagonism of interests that operate within the same field of social
intercourse.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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