The moth appears in September and October, and is sometimes seen in November. It hides under the mallow, and other plants around, and is not much inclined to move during the day, but it becomes active in the evening, and then flies pretty briskly. The occurrence of this species in any locality will, of course, largely depend upon the presence of the food plant, but it seems to be widely distributed throughout the greater part of the British Isles. It is, however, most frequent in the southern half of England. SHADED BROAD-BAR (_Ortholitha limitata_). To the earliest British entomologists this species (Plate 54, Figs. 8 and 9) was known by the English name given to it by Moses Harris, which is here revived. Haworth's popular name for the insect is the "Small Mallow," but this seems less suitable. The fore wings are usually ochreous brown in colour, with a darker brown band, the inner area of which is often paler. The ground colour, however, varies considerably, in some examples tending to whity brown, and in others to a smoky hue. The whitish hind wings are generally more or less dusky clouded, chiefly from the base of the wing to the dark brown or blackish cross shade; but sometimes these wings are entirely blackish, with just a trace of a pale cross stripe. The caterpillar is greyish, with a pinkish tinge and black dots; there are three lines along the back, the central one slaty blue, and the others ochreous, shaded on each side with pale brown; a pinkish irregular ridge runs low down along the sides. It feeds on clover, vetch, grass, etc., from September to June. (Plate 52, Fig. 2, after Hofmann.) [Illustration] 2 Pl. 54. 1, 2. THE VESTAL. 3, 10. OBLIQUE-STRIPED. 4, 5. LEAD BELLE. 6, 7. MALLOW. 8, 9. SHADED BROAD-BAR. 11, 12. CHALK CARPET. [Illustration] 2 Pl. 55. 1, 2. DRAB LOOPER. 3. GREY CARPET. 4, 5. CHIMNEY SWEEPER. 6-8. TREBLE-BAR. 9, 10. MANCHESTER TREBLE-BAR. {145} The moth is out in July and August, and is often common in fields and grassy places, generally throughout the greater part of the British Isles. In ancient times it was dubbed the "Aurelian's Plague." The range abroad extends to Amurland. _Ortholitha moeniata._--Except that one specimen was said to have been taken near Baron Wood, Carlisle, some years prior to 1855; and another, in 1866, near York; there is no evidence that this species is an inhabitant of the British Isles. CHALK CARPET (_Ortholitha bipunctaria_).