The moth is out in September and October, rather earlier in Scotland. Though much commoner in some districts than in others, this species is found in woodlands throughout the greater part of England, Wales, and the mainland of Scotland. In Ireland it appears to be rare, and has only been recorded, chiefly in single specimens, from Waterford, Wicklow, Galway, Armagh, and Derry. {16} THE BEADED CHESTNUT (_Amathes_ (_Orthosia_) _lychnidis_). The name of this variable species (Plate 9, Figs. 3-6), long known as _pistacina_, is now recognised as the _lychnidis_ of Schiffermiller, so, as the latter name has page priority over the former, it has to be adopted. Fig. 3 on the plate represents a well-marked reddish specimen of the typical form. A great many forms have been named, but only a few of the more distinct of these can be referred to here. Fig. 4 shows the greyish ochreous aberration known as _serrina_, Fab. Ab. _ferrea_, Haworth (Fig. 5) has almost uniform reddish fore wings, and ab. _venosa_, Haworth has the fore wings greyish brown with the veins whitish. When newly laid the egg (Plate 5, Fig. 1a) is yellowish, but changes to olive-brown. The caterpillar (Plate 5, Fig. 1) is green inclining to yellowish, freckled with greyish, and dotted with whitish; there are three fine whitish lines along the back, and a broad white stripe along the sides. It is found from March to June, and feeds on grasses, dandelion, groundsel, buttercup, and a variety of low plants; it will also eat sallow. The moth is out from September to November, and is often abundant at sugar and ivy bloom, and not uncommon on gas lamps or around electric lights. Generally distributed and plentiful over the greater part of England and Wales, but from Yorkshire northwards and through Scotland to Perthshire it is very local, and apparently not at all frequent. In Ireland it is widely spread and common. THE BROWN-SPOT PINION (_Amathes_ (_Orthosia_) _litura_). On Plate 9 are shown specimens from Scotland (Figs. 8 [male], 9 [female]). The male, which has the basal area of the fore wings pale, is referable to ab. _borealis_, Sparre-Schneider, whilst the female is more nearly typical. In England the majority of the {17} specimens belong to ab. _rufa_, Tutt, which is reddish in the coloration of fore wing (Fig. 7). Sometimes the basal area in this colour form is pale also. The caterpillar is green, sometimes tinged with olive and freckled with darker green; there are three dark-edged pale-green lines along the back; the under surface is tinged with yellowish, and is separated from the green colour of the upper surface by a whitish stripe, edged above with black; head, brownish, with darker freckles. It occurs in April and May, when it feeds on bramble, rose, oak, sallow, and some low-growing plants. The moth is found in September and October throughout England, and Scotland up to Moray. THE ORANGE SALLOW (_Cirrhia_ (_Xanthia_) _citrago_).