Caterpillar, whitish-yellow above, inclining to pale buff below; lines of grey freckles along the back and sides, the lower one broader and darker; head, grey, freckled with darker. According to Hellins, who reared it from the egg, it feeds in May and June, on traveller's joy (_Clematis vitalba_). The natural food is doubtful, but is said to be grass, whilst Kirby states that in the South of France the caterpillar eats evergreen oak. The moth is out in September and early October, and is found in Scotland on the hills, in rough grassy and rush-covered spots, at elevations ranging from 300 to 800 feet. In Ireland, it is not uncommon in Antrim, Donegal, Sligo, Mayo, Galway, {256} and Limerick. Barrett states that a specimen has been taken at Shap Fell in Westmorland. Abroad, the range extends to East Siberia. MANY-LINED MOTH (_Phibalapteryx polygrammata_). The female example of this species, represented on Plate 102, Fig. 5, is from Germany; the male is somewhat paler and the central markings less distinct. This form is var. _conjunctaria_, Lederer, and most of the specimens formerly obtained in the Cambridgeshire fens, chiefly Burwell and Wicken, were referable to it. The species has not been seen in its old fenland haunts for very many years, and it is probably now extinct in Britain. Specimens have been in the past (and still continue to be) recorded from other British localities, but these on investigation are found to be cases of mistaken identity. _C. vittata_ = _lignata_ bears a strong likeness to _P. polygrammata_, and is often confused with it, but in the latter the outer band does not run to the tips of the fore wings, as it does in the former species. SMALL WAVED UMBER (_Phibalapteryx_ (_Coenocalpe_) _vitalbata_). At first sight this moth (Plate 102, Fig. 7) might be mistaken for a small specimen of the Waved Umber (_Hemerophila abruptaria_), but it will be noted that the dark stripe on the fore wings starts from the middle of the inner margin, and runs to just below the tips of the wings; the outer margin of the hind wings is not wavy, and the antennae of the male are not pectinated. The caterpillar, which feeds on traveller's joy (_Clematis vitalba_), in June-July, and in September-October, is greyish {257} brown, with three blackish lines along the back, the central one broader than the other two, especially on the middle of each ring, where it swells out into a black spot. In May and June, and again in August, the moth may be disturbed from the food plant growing in masses in hedgerows, etc. It occurs in most of the southern counties of England, westward to Herefordshire and South Wales, and eastward to Suffolk. Forsythe states that it is local in the Lancaster district. The range abroad extends to Amurland and Japan. THE FERN (_Phibalapteryx_ (_Coenocalpe_) _tersata_). The general colour of this species (Plate 102, Fig. 8) is pale brown, with a tendency to reddish in some specimens, and to greyish in others.