The species does not appear to have been noticed in the eastern or northern counties of England, but it occurs from Worcester southwards to Somerset, Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall. From Herefordshire it spreads into Wales. North of London it is found in Hertfordshire, Middlesex, and to the south in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire. It is represented in Japan by _sericea_, Butler, which is considered a distinct species by some authors. THE RED-HEADED CHESTNUT (_Orrhodia_ (_Conistra_) _erythrocephala_). The portraits of this species on Plate 11 are from Austrian specimens. Fig. 1 is typical and Fig. 2 is ab. _glabra_, Hubner. A specimen was captured at Marlow, Bucks, in October, 1859, by Mr. A. H. Clarke, who presented it to the British Museum in 1903; but perhaps the earliest-known British specimen was one taken near Brighton in 1847. Between the {24} last-named Sussex locality and Eastbourne in one direction, and Lewes in the other, one or more specimens of the type or of ab. _glabra_ have occurred from time to time, but there are no records from the county for a number of years now. The species has also been noted from Hampshire (New Forest and Bournemouth), Somerset, Devon, Kent (Darenth), and Hertfordshire (St. Albans). The most recent records refer to two captures at Bournemouth in 1902. THE CHESTNUT (_Orrhodia_ (_Conistra_) _vaccinii_). Figure 3 on Plate 11 represents this species in its typical form, which is of a dark chestnut colour, and almost without markings. The brighter red modification of this form has been named ab. _rufa_, Tutt; while another assuming the blacker hue of _O. ligula_ has been described as ab. _unicolor_, Tutt. In some of the redder forms the cross lines are dark and conspicuous, thus approaching ab. _spadicea_, Hubner, which has distinct black lines as seen in Fig. 6. It should be noted that the figure just referred to is from a German specimen, as I was unable to obtain a suitable British example of the form. Another far more frequent form of this variable species is ab. _mixta_, Staud. (Fig. 4), in which the ground colour is ochreous, more or less tinged with red; the more yellow-coloured examples of this form have been separated under the name _ochrea_, Tutt. Figure 5 shows a form that is rather less common than either of those just adverted to; the specimen is one of a short series from Kent that I have labelled ab. _suffusa_, Tutt; as will be noticed, the band on the outer area is in strong contrast to the rest of the fore wings. Apart from the above and other named forms, there is considerable aberration in the markings, and more especially as regards the stigmata. The lower extremity of the reniform is usually black or blackish, but it may be very faint or entirely absent, and as a contrast {25} to this, the orbicular sometimes has a blackish dot at its lower end.