The species occurs in the south and east of England, and through the north-west counties to Cheshire. It has been recorded from Cardiff, South Wales, and doubtfully from Ireland. Abroad, the range extends to Corea and Japan. In America it seems to be established in parts of the State of New York. THE REED LEOPARD (_Phragmataecia castaneae_). A male of this species (_Macrogaster arundinis_ of some authors) is shown on Plate 153, Fig. 3. The female is rather larger, with longer body, and the antennae are without pectinations. The wrinkled and rather shining caterpillar is ochreous white with reddish-brown stripes along the back. It feeds low down on the stems of reed (_Phragmites communis_) and is full grown in the spring of the second year following that in which it left the egg in late summer. Thus, a caterpillar hatching in August, 1908, would be mature about May, 1910, pupate in that month, or the next, and the perfect insect would appear in June or July. The moth flies at night, and may be attracted by a brilliant light. The earliest known British locality for the species was Holme Fen in Huntingdonshire (1841-1848). In 1850 it was found abundantly at Whittlesea Mere. Its haunts in the {350} present day are Wicken and Chippenham fens in Cambridgeshire, but specimens from these localities are somewhat smaller than the old Hunts examples. Barrett states that he put down some eggs of the species in Ranworth Fen, Norfolk, and that five years later two males were captured within a short distance of the spot where the eggs had been placed. The range abroad extends to China and Japan. SESIIDAE. This family--the Aegeriadae of some authors--has over one hundred Palaearctic species assigned to it; these are distributed among five genera, two of which are not represented in Britain. Fourteen species are found in the British Isles, but to obtain fine specimens of most of them the mature caterpillars or the chrysalids will have to be collected and the moths reared. All species emerge from the chrysalis early in the forenoon, and then only under the influence of sunshine. The caterpillars are somewhat maggot-like, and live in stems, branches, and roots of trees and shrubs; or in the crowns and roots of low-growing plants. The majority, possibly all, are nearly two years in arriving at full growth. HORNET MOTH (_Trochilium apiformis_). As indicated by the English name this moth, and also that next to be mentioned, are very like the hornet (_Vespa crabro_). On turning to Plate 154, Fig. 1, it will be seen that this species has a yellow head and patches of yellow on the shoulders; these characters at once separate it from _T. crabroniformis_. [Illustration] 2 Pl. 154. 1. HORNET MOTH. 2. WELSH CLEARWING. 3. WHITE-BARRED CLEARWING. 4. CLEAR UNDERWING. 5, 6. CURRANT CLEARWING. 7. LUNAR HORNET MOTH. [Illustration]