2 Pl. 155. 1. YELLOW-LEGGED CLEARWING. 2, 3. RED-BELTED CLEARWING. 4. LARGE RED-BELTED CLEARWING. 5. RED-TIPPED CLEARWING. 6. SIX-BELTED CLEARWING. 7. THRIFT CLEARWING. 8, 9. FIERY CLEARWING. {351} The caterpillar is yellowish white, with a red brown head, and a yellow plate on the first ring of the body. It feeds on the roots and lower portion of the trunks of poplar. The brown shining chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of wood scrapings woven together with silk. The moth is out in May and June; and has been found, newly emerged, sitting on stems of poplar in the morning. The eastern counties of England appear to be most favoured by this species, but it also occurs northwards to Yorkshire, southwards to Devonshire, and a specimen has been recorded from Rhyl, North Wales. In Scotland, it has been reported from some localities in the south; Kane states that he has reason to believe that the species occurs in the northern half of Ireland, and that he found caterpillars plentiful in young poplars growing in a marsh near the city of Waterford. LUNAR HORNET (_Trochilium crabroniformis_). Another hornet-like moth, best distinguished from that just mentioned by the yellow collar behind the black head (Plate 154, Fig. 7 [female]). The male is rather smaller, but otherwise similar. The caterpillar is yellowish white, with dark brownish head, and a blackish edged yellow plate on the first ring of the body. It feeds in stems of sallow, willow, and poplar. In late June and through July the moth is on the wing, and may occasionally be seen at rest on leaves or stems of sallow, etc. The species, known also as _bembeciformis_, Hubner, is generally distributed throughout England, Wales, and Ireland; in Scotland its range extends into Perthshire. Abroad it seems pretty much confined to Holland, Northern and Central Germany, Austria, and Bohemia. CLEAR UNDERWING (_Sciapteron tabaniformis_). This species is the _Trochelium vespiforme_ of some British authors, and the _Aegeria asiliformis_ of Stephens and others. Another English name for it is the Dusky Clearwing, and this refers to the cloudy fore wings. {352} Stephens, writing of it in 1828, remarks: "Occasionally taken on poplars, near London, in June. I have obtained it from the neighbourhood of Bexley, and from Birchwood; but it is doubtless a rare species, and exists in few collections: of the male, I have hitherto seen but two specimens, one of which I possess." Both places mentioned by Stephens are in Kent, and one or two specimens of the species have since been reported from Ashford in the same county. The late Henry Doubleday took specimens at Epping, Essex. Colney Hatch Wood in Middlesex has also been given as a locality in the past; more recently two specimens have been noted from Chiswick. The example shown on Plate 154, Fig. 4, is of continental origin. The caterpillar lives under the bark of poplar trunks, and the moth flies in June and July.